
tes 
Baok- 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



DUVALCOUNTY 

FLORIDA. 



Showing its Statistics, Resources, Lands, 

Products, Climate and 

Population. 



WITH A CORRECT MAR 



PUBLISHED BY 

The County Commissioners. 



LAND OFFICE 

(LICENSED) 



OF- 



ELLWOOD H, BUGKMAN, 

Jacksonville, Florida. 



BlAI EST ATE 



BOUGHT @ SOLD. 



Parties wishing to invest in 

FLORIDA LANDS 

Wlil do well to call at 

17 1-2 West Bay Street. 



£ 



T "1^. "V 



FLORIDA. 



Showing its Statistics, Resources, Lands, 
Products, Climate and 
Population. . 



^■-Jxj^vy <> 



WITH A CORRECT MAR 



PUBLISHED BY 

The County Commissioners. 




JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: 

Printed at the Times-Union Printing-House. 
1885. 



DUVAL COUNTY. 



Duval County, so called after the second territorial Governor oi 
Florida, is situated in the northeastern portion of the State, and is the 
second of the Atlantic tier of counties. It is bounded on the north 
by Nassau County, on the east by the Atlantic, a distance of thirty- 
five miles ; on the south by Clay and St. Johns counties, and on the 
west by Baker County. Its area is 900 square miles, or 576,000 
acres. 

It has nearly quadrupled its population within the last twenty years, 
which numbered in 1850, 5,074, and in 1880, 19,431, the last figures 
being probably too small by 10,000. The latet census presents the fol- 
lowing statistics of this county . Acres of school land unsold, 4,841 ; 
children of school age, 5,443 ; white 2,293, colored 3,150 ; school attend- 
ance 2,403 ; acres of improved land, 18,787 ; horses and mules 864, 
cattle 1,887, sheep 347, swine 2,410. 

Assessed value of property, $4,673,981. The assessment of 1884 
fixed the amount of taxable property at 6,166,550, showing a most 
gratifying increase. 

The State taxes of 1883 reached $31,747 ; and those of the county, 
$61,249.40, upon a basis of fifty per cent, of their market value. 

According to race, there were 8,580 whites and 10,850 negroes. 
The St, Johns Eiver passes directly through this county and empties 
into the Atlantic near the northeastern corner. The traffic on this 
river is shown in the following memorial to Congress, prepared by a 
committee of citizens : 

Your memorialists, a committee appointed on behalf of the people 
of Florida, respectfully ask your consideration of the following facts, 
showing the necessity for the continuance of the improvement of the 
entrance to the St. Johns River. 

The values of vessels and cargoes arriving at and departing from 
the port of Jacksonville in 1882, amounted to $38,270,000. Upon 
this amount the increased insurance over that of neighboring ports 
caused by the risks of commerce crossing the Bar was three-fourths per 
cent, or $287,025. The increased freight charges averaged 50 cents 
per ton or $175,000. The loss by delays at the Bar, caused by its con- 
dition, amounted to 960 days or $36,600, and the losses on the Bar to 
$18,500, making an annual burden on the commerce of Jacksonville, 
which the completion of the improvement of the Bar would save, of 
$514,125. 

The steamboat tonnage, inland and local, upon the St. Johns river, 
now actively and prosperously engaged in its freight and passage traf- 
fic, consists of 74 steamboats of 8,168 tons (registered) representing a 
value of $2,042,000. This is a greater steamboat tonnage than there 
was, by the last census reports,. of ocean and inland in any State south 
of Maryland on the Atlantic coast, with the exception of Georgia, and 



[2] 

more, m appears by same reports, than was then in service for purely 
local inland traffic upon any river on the Atlantic coast south of the 
Hudson. It represents an employed tonnage by trips both ways of 
over 35,000 tons weekly, and is an increase since 1880 of 128 per cent. 

The freights brought to Jacksonville from Atlantic Coast States by 
railroads for consumption and distribution during 1882, amounted to 
53,305 tons of an estimated value of $6,663,100, an increase of 84 per 
cent, over 1880. The outward bound freights from the same city 
brought down the St. Johns river and by railroad through this State • 
' for shipment to coast line States amounted to 42,000 tons or $5,081,415 
value The number of passengers brought into Florida by railroad 
from coast line States during the same year was 27,735, and carried 
outward to similar points 23,184, an increase over 1880 of 258 per 
cent., none of which freight or travel crossed the St. Johns Bar. 

In the present condition of the St. Johns Bar there can be no for- 
eign commerce over it. With over 55,000,000 feet of sawed lumber 
leaving during the year the shipments are restricted to coastwise ports ; 
while cotton and other products must leave by rail lines to seek ship- 
ments abroad from ports in other States. 

In the counties bordering the St. Johns river, viz : Duval, St. Johns, 
Clay, Putnam, Volusia, Marion and Orange, the assessed value of prop- 
erty has increased 89 per cent, and the acreage under cultivation 35 
per cent, since 1880. In the same counties the population has in- 
creased over 22 per cent, during the last two years. 

The railroad lines tributary to the St. Johns river, lying within the 
State of Florida, have 865 miles in operation, and 122 miles under 
construction. They have increased 185 per cent, since 1880. 

The U. S. Land Office in Gainesville shows the following sales at 
private entry (excluding commuted homestead and other entries,) 1880, 
6,448.32 acres; 1881,37,278.28 acres; 1882,140,163.45; 1883, 230,- 
658.05 acres. 

Your memorialists would direct your attention to the fact that the 
St. Johns river is one of the longest and widest upon the Atlantic 
coast in the United States. For 115 miles from its entrance, the width 
is from one to seven miles. It is navigable for large steamers 230 
miles, and for a smaller class 435 miles ; has 450 miles water tributa- 
ries, navigable for steamboats, and 865 miles of railroad feeders al- 
ready in operation. 

The improvement by the jetties already begun, as the report of Gen. 
Gilimore, the engineer in charge shows, is an assured success. The 
need of a harbor of refuge and a naval depot in the St. Johns river, 
has been recognized and the improvement deemed one of national as 
well as local importance. 

For these reasons your memorialists pray that a liberal appropria- 
tion be recommended for the immediate continuance and completion, 
of the improvements already begun. 



TABLE OF STATISTICS, 



ST. JOHNS BAR COMMERCE. 



Estimated values of vessels and car- 
goes arriving and departing 

Upon this amount the increased insur- 
ance over that of neighboring ports 
caused by the risks of this Bar was % 
percent., or 

The increased freight charges, from 
same cause, 50 cents per ton, or 

The loss by delays, caused by bad con- 
dition of Bar, 960 days 

The loss of vessels on the Bar 

The yearly loss to commerce by not 
having a good harbor of refuge in this 
river, estimated by the Underwriters 
Agent, is 

Annual burden on the commerce of 
Jacksonville, which the completion 
of the Improvement of the Bar would 
save 

Feet of sawed lumber shipped 

ST 



1880. 


1881. 


$33,696,101 


138,176,459 


252,720 


286,223 


161,696 


174,622 


no rep'rt 
20,000 


no rep'rt 


434,416 
44,719,255 


460,945 
58,837,451 



1882. 

838,270,000 

287,025 

175,000 

33,600 
18,500 



514,125 
68,041,548 

JOHBTS RIVER COMMERCE.* 



1883. 

no rep'rt 



45,510.498 



$100,009 



No. steamboats engaged, pas. & freight! 
Tonnage " " " " 
Estimated value | 

TRIBUTARY TO ST. JOHSTS RIVER COMMERCE.t 

From coast States to Jacksonville for 

consumption and distribution— tons 28,972 36,005 53.305 no rep'rt 

To coast States from J^acksonville " 13,958 17,662 23,676 

Do. do. do., crates fruits and vegetables 217,685 215,617 316,800 

Do. do. do., bales cotton 26,946 37,440 27,477 

From do. to do., No. of passengers 7,744 14,214 27,735 

To do. from do., " " .... 6,488 11,455 23,184 

Estimated value inward freights no rep'rt no rep'rt $6,663,100 

" " outward " " " 5,081,415 



74 

8,168 

|$2,042,000 



MISCEEEAJTEOrS. 

The assessed value of property in the 
counties of Duval, St. Johns, Clay, 
Putnam, Volltsia,Marion and Orange, 
which border on the river, has in- 
creased since 1880 

Acreage under cultivation in same 
counties has increased since 1880 

Population in same counties has in- 
creased since 1881 

Number miles railroads in operation, 
tributary to St. Johns River commerce 

Number acres land sold at U. S. Land 
Office at Gainesville, excluding com- 
muted homesteads and other entries 



6,448.32 



37,278.28 



446 
140,163.45 



865 
320,658.05 



SQperct. 
35perct. 
22perct. 



* This is a greater steamboat tonnage than there was by the last census report, of 
Ocean and Inland, in any Atlantic State south of Maryland except Georgiajand 
more than is engaged in pui-ely inland local traffic upon any river south of the Hud- 
son. It represents an increase since 1880 of 128 per cent., and by trips both ways a 
weekly tonnage employed of over 35,000 tons. 

t The St. Johns River for 115 miles is from one to seven miles in width, is nagigable 
for large steamers 230 miles and for a smaller class 335 miles, has 460 miles of navigable 
water and 865 miles railroad tributaries, with 122 miles under construction, being an 
increase of 185 per cent, since 1880. * 



[4] 

Such figures as the above should give emphasis to the necessity for 
the immediate and permanent improvement of the mouth of the river. 
The prospects are good for continued appropriations of money to carry 
on the work already commenced, and which may produce favorable 
results. The county is traversed by bold creeks, which would be con- 
sidered rivers elsewhere, down which are floated rafts of logs for the 
various saw-mills. These streams afford excellent sites for building 
purposes, and many of the most eligible locations are now occupied by 
handsome residences. The entire county may be said to be well 
watered. 

Marl, muck and phosphatic deposits are abundant and composted 
with other articles furnish cheap and abundant fertilizers. Along the 
salt creeks and marshes toward the mouth of the river are found large 
beds of oyster and other shells, which are easily converted into lime^ 
and, combined with other ingredients, make good fertilizers. 

The usual grades of land are found in this county, susceptible of 
raising remunerative and varied crops. Many semi-tropical fruits are 
profitably raised, and the oranges of Duval rank high in the markets. 
Figs, peaches, pears and strawberries handsomely repay the cost of 
cultivation. Market gardening is largely pursued and employs much 
labor and capital. The home demand for such products is large, and 
the transportation facilities allow a ready outlet for the surplus in 
many directions. Corn, cotton, sugar-cane, sweet potatoes and peas 
constitute the principal field crops. Previous to the war there were 
several large plantations in this county, and a considerable amount of 
sea-island cotton was produced. Very little attention is now given to 
the cultivation of this valuable staple, the agricultural community 
finding more profit in raising other products. 

State and Government lands are yet to be purchased at the usual 
prices, and much of this land is of excellent quality, which will well 
repay the labor of cultivation. The several lines of railroads, with 
the river and numerous creeks afford easy access to all portions of the 
county and prompt and cheap transportation for its products. In this 
respect Duval county enjoys great advantages. Producers of fruit and 
vegetables can always dispose of these articles in Jacksonville, or, if 
they prefer, can send them direct by a dozen routes to Northern 
markets. 

In the matter of selecting a market, they also possess unusual facil- 
ities. Shippers in Jacksonville are in continual receipt of advices 
from points elsewhere, and are able to indicate readily the best mar- 
kets for the time being. This enables them to get their produce gath- 
ered and forwarded in large or small quantities, and to send it off in 
the best and freshest condition. The proximity to market and con- 
venience of transportation saves^ the carriage and handling required 
by shipments from more distant localities. These advantages are so 
obvious and important that they must be appreciated at once. 



[5] 

Several bodies of hammock land exist, showing all the characteris- 
tics of that quality of soil. Pine lands constitute the greater portion 
of the area of this county and show the usual varieties. Black jack 
ridges are frequent and are valued as healthy locations for residences. 

It is unfortunate that no geological survey of the State has ever 
been made, to show the relation and constitution of the underlying as 
well as the superficial strata of the soil of this county. As far as is 
known, the light sandy soil is from two to one hundred feet above tide 
water, showing clay of medium purity within six feet of the surface, 
which frequently crops out on the surface on slopes, underlying which 
is a stratum of disintegrated shell rock at the depth of thirty or forty 
feet below the surface, then blue clay. This rock is of tertiary forma- 
tion. On the coast the alluvial soil is intermixed with disintegrated 
sea-shells in various stages of decomposition. The clay at the surface 
has been found to make excellent bricks, which are largely used all 
over the county and distributed into the interior of the State. Rough 
pottery has also been attempted on a small scale. No metallic ores 
have as yet been discovered. Calcareous marl abounds in several lo- 
calities, and the general soil is amply supplied with that important 
constituent, lime. 

Many of the swamp and overflowed lands are readily susceptible of 
drainage, and when thus reclaimed will be found very valuable for 
sugar-cane and vegetables. Rice can be largely, easily and profitably 
raised, and this crop is entitled to more attention than it has received. 
It is a very certain crop in this county, and if generally cultivated 
would induce the construction of mills to prepare the grain for mar- 
ket. From twenty-five to forty bushels of this valuable cereal can be 
raised to the acre. The forage from the plant is very nutritious and 
furnishes excellent material for paper and food for cattle. 

Arrow-root, cassava, Irish and sweet potatoes, tanyahs, cucumbers* 
egg-plants, okra, tomatoes, cushaws, melons, radishes, peas, parsnips, 
peppers, etc., grow very well, and large quantities are exported to 
markets outside of the State. The advantages for truck raising are 
great. The land is easily cultivated, home manures are abundant, and 
foreign fertilizers can be easily obtained, and both the climate and ac- 
cessibility to markets will always render this industry attractive. 
These products can be put on the markets several weeks in advance of 
those raised in Georgia and South Carolina, and in this respect Florida 
can have no competition. Vegetables can he shipped from this county 
with the morning dew upon their leaves, and reach their destination 
unimpaired and fresh. 

Around the city of Jacksonville for several miles the country is 
dotted by small farms that show the good efiects of intensive farming 
and high cultivation. 'Excellent wild lands for such purposes can be 
had from private owners at prices varying from five to fifty dollars per 
acre, according to locality — the larger price being paid for river fronts 
and suburban lots. 



[6] . 

In the way of climate, Duval County appeals with confidence to the 
throngs of visitors who annually seek a winter residence therein. 
Their testimonials are the best, as they are the result of experience* 
The fact that they return from season to season, with a constant acces- 
sion to their number, indicates their appreciation. ' The visitors, who 
are types of the intelligence, refinement and wealth of their several 
States, gratefully testify to the mildness and salubrity of the winter 
climate. The former well-known Treasurer of the United States, 
Gen. F. E. Spinner, a resident of Jacksonville, a close and accurate 
observer, whose remarkable signature has ornamented thousands of 
millions of dollars of the National Currency, writes as follows : 

Jacksonville. Fla., March 31, 1880. 
Hon. Seth French, Commissioner, etc. : 

Dear Sir — As requested by you, I have the honor to make the fol- 
lowing statement in regard to the temperature on the bluff, in the vil- 
lage of Brooklyn, a suburb of the city of Jacksonville, Duval County, 
Florida, f s ascertained by me, with the aid of a registering thermom- 
eter, for the year commencing with April 1, 1879, and closing with 
March 31, 1880. The year is thus constituted, because it is the only 
consecutive time in which I have remained in Florida a whole year 
round. 

Now I desire to say, right here, that I was more comfortable, in re- 
gard to excessive heat, than in any summer spent in Washington, D.C., 
or at my home in Mohawk, in New York. The truth is, it is hotter in 
the long days of July and August, in Quebec, in Lower Canada, than 
it is here. Then, too, we have breezes either from the Gulf of Mexico 
on the west or from the Atlantic Ocean on the east. These, with the 
trade winds, have a cooling influence upon the atmosphere. 

If the following tables show a less degree of heat than the statements 
of the Signal Corps, it will be due to the fact that their thermometer 
is located in the central part of Jacksonville, where it must be more 
or less afi'ected by reflections from the streets and houses, while mine 
is placed in the country where no such causes can influence it. 

Very respectfully, yours, F. E. SPINNER. 



monthly statement of temperature for the year, as above. 



Mean maximum for April 73.53 i 

" minimum " 68.00 | 

" average " 65.76 ; 

--" maximum for May 78.00 ! 

" minimum " 66.00 | 

r" average " 72.00 ' 

" maximum for June 82.30 ' 

" minimum " 70.70 j 

" average " 76.50 | 

" maximum for July 87.90 | 

" minimum " 74.60 | 

" average " 81.2.5 

" maximum for Aug 84.20 

" minimum " 74.40 

" average " 79.30 

" maximum forSept 78.90 

" minimum " 69.80 

" average " 74.35 



Mean maximum for Oct 7ii.ijO 

minimum " 68.00 

average " ,...72.00 

maximum for Nov 71.60 

minimum " 55.00 

average " 63.30 

maximum for Dec 71.00 

minimum " 54.00 

average " 62.50 

maxiraium for Jan. 1880 69.10 

minimum " 54.60 

average " 61.85 

maximum for Feb 67.00 

minimura " 53.00 

average " 60.00 

maximum for M'ch 74.00 

rainimum " 60.30 

average " 67.15 



[7] 



STATEMENT OP TEMPERATUBE BY SEASONS. 



Speing. Mean maximum 75.18 

" minimumi 61.60 

" average 68.30 

Summer. Mean maximum 84.80 

^ " minimum 73.27 

" average 79.00 



AtrTTTMN. Mean maximum. 75. •!).♦' 

" minimum 64. §0 

" average 69.ff0 

WiNTBB. Mean maximum 69. OP 

" minimum S-t.90 

" average 61.45 



STATEMENT OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE YEAR. 
Mean maximum, 76.10; mean minimum, 63.20; mean average for 366 days, 69.65, 
Highest temperature, July 11th, 99°. The mercury reached 90° but eleven times, aud 
fell below 40° but seven times during the year. Lowest temperature, Nov. 21st, 33°. 

Sun-strokes do not occur in this climate. Pleasant breezes, laden 
with moisture from the Atlantic or Gulf, temper the sun's rays and 
render the hottest days in summer endurable. At night one can be 
sure of a refreshing sleep, and toward morning it is not uncommon, 
even during the dog-days, to require bed clothing. 

The general health of the community is very satisfactory. The 
principal diseases, bilious and intermittent fevers, are readily con- 
trolled, and very frequently do not require medical assistance. It is 
only necessary to observe the ordinary laws of hygiene to be assured 
of average good health. Much of the mortality in the county occurs 
among the invalids who sojourn here during the winter and spring. 
Many come too late, and reach us after the maladies with which they 
are afflicted have destroyed their vitality. Within the last thitty 
years there have been two epidemics of yellow-fever in Jacksonville, 
both confined to the city, and not extending to the rural districts. 

The sanitary interests of the county are directed by a Board of 
Health, composed of intelligent gentlemen, who exercise close scrutiny 
over the public health. Nowhere in the State or elsewj.ere can there 
be found a more learned, skillful and experienced medical faculty 
than that of Duval County. 



POST-OFFICES IN THIS COUNTY. 



Baldwin, Mandarin, Register, 

Beauclerc, Maxville, St. Nicholas, 

Fort George, Mayport, Tisonia, 

Fulton, New Berlin, Ruby. 

Jacksonville, Oklahoma, 



RAILROA D -FA CILITIES. 

There are seven railroads now traversing different portions of this 
county and affording transportation for freight and passengers. 

1st. The Florida Railway and Navigation, extending from Jackson- 
ville to the Chattahoochee River, and connecting at that point with 
the Central and Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad, giving a direct 
route to Pensacola and New Orleans. 



. [8] 

2d. The Waycross Railroad, an extension of the Savannah, Florida 
and Western system, from Jacksonville to Waycross, Ga., connecting 
at that point with the Savannah, Florida and Western Railroad, run- 
ning east to Savannah and west to Albany, Ga. 

3d. The Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, from Jacksonville 
to Hart's Road, in Nassau County, where it connects with the Florida 
Transit and Peninsular Railroad. 

4th. The Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Halifax River Railroad, 
from Jacksonville to St. Augustine. 

5th. The Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railroad. This road 
is now completed to Palatka and is being extended southward. 

6th. The Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad, passing through 
the western portion of the county, from Fernandina to Cedar Keys, 
Ocala and Leesburg. "^ 

7th. The Jacksonville and Atlantic Railroad, from the St. Johns 
River, opposite Jacksonville, eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, a dis- 
tan<5e of sixteen miles, at which point is projected a watering-place en 
one of the finest sea beaches in the world. 

The cheapness of lands and the abundance and ease of obtaining 
fertilizers will always render the growth of the orange in this county 
popular and profitable. The eastern portion of Duval, as it is divided 
by the St. Johns River, has been considered, in ccnsequence of its wa- 
ter protection, best adapted to the orange culture. Many flourishing 
and productive groves line the banks of our great river and beautify 
the interior of the county. One can rarely encounter a rural residence 
which is not environed by a cluster of these attractive trees. Purchasers 
obtain oranges in crates from the producers, or buy the crop as it hangs, 
gathering and packing it themselves. The usual price, according to 
quality, is from twelve to twenty dollars per thousand. 

Sy the census of 1880, there were in this county 10,131 bearing 
trees, producing 3,000,000 oranges, valued at $45,000, thus making 
Duval the sixth county in the State for the production of this fruit, 
and exceeded only by Hillsborough, Marion, Orange, Putnam and Vo- 
lusia counties. 

Dr. G. W. Davis, a citizen of this county and an authority on the 
subject, contributes the following article upon the varieties of oranges 
most suitable to this locality : 

VARIETIES OF_THE ORANGE. 

In growing the orange, it is as well to plant varieties which have 
been tested and known to be prolific and desirable, as to plant seed- 
lings, which possibly may not prove satisfactory when they come into 
bearing. For the past eight or ten years much attention has been 
given by amateurs and professional fruit growers to selecting the va- 
rieties which promise the best, and the result has been^that we are 



[9] 

now enabled to select varieties which give a wide range in the time of 
ripening, and almost every quality desirable. We propose to give a 
short description of a few well known varieties, which we believe will 
meet the requirements of all orange growers, and be satisfactory to 
nearly all concerned. We shall begin with the one we believe to be 
the best, embracing all the desirable qualities, and continue the list, 
pointing out the different features as they vary in comparison. 
MAGNUM BONUM. 

Large to very large ; skin moderately thin, tough, smooth and glossy 
pulp fine, tender, melting, juicy, sweet and vinous. The mem- 
branes inclosing the juice cells are remarkably thin, and leave but lit- 
tle residue on eating the orange. Ripens in January and is prime 
first of February. The best. 

HOMOSASSA. 
Medium size ; skin very thin, smooth, tough and glossy ; pulp very 
fine, remarkably juicy, sweet and delicious. Ripens in December and 
is prime in January ; an early and prolific bearer. 

HIGGINS. 
Similar to Homosassa, but ripens later. 
NONPAREIL. 

Above medium; bright color, skin mod^erately thin, pulp tender and 
melting, juice sub-acid and vinous. Ripens last of January and Feb- 
ruary; an early bearer. 

OLD VINI. 

Above medium in size, oval in shape, skin rather thick and rough, 
pulp somewhat coarse, juice sweet and remarkable for a sprightly aro- 
matic flavor. This is the standard for flavor, and bears the same rela- 
tion to the orange that the Seckle pear does to all other pears. Ripens 
in January and is prime in February. 

NAVEL. 

Size very large ; skin rough, thick and tough ; conical in shape ; 
blossom end presents the appearance of the human navel, hence its 
name; and this appearance is nothing more nor less than a small 
orange, inclosed and nearly surrounded by the pulp of the mother 
orange. Pulp very fine, melting, tender, juicy, sweet and good flavor. 
Ripens in February, and is valuable on account of its late ripening, 
keeping and carrying qualities. A very early bearer. Many believe 
it to be a shy bearer, but as the tree grows to maturity, we believe it 
will prove to be among the best. This variety will always be popular 
in consequence of its superior qualities when mature, and from the 
fact that none other can be substituted for it — it carries its own un- 
changeable "trade mark." Tree a fair grower, nearly thornless, and 
fruit nearly seedless. 



[10] 

TAKDIFF. 

Size large, or above medium ; skin rather rough and moderately 
thick and tough, pulp fine, tender, melting, juice sweet and good flavor, 
llipens in March and April, and prime in May and June. A good 
ordinary orange, but valuable on account of late ripening and carry- 
ing qualities. 

DUMMITT. 

Large, bright, handsome shape ; skin very thin and tender ; pulp 
fine, melting, juicy, very sweet and vinous. One of the best, but in 
consequence of its thin, tender skin, it requires great care in handling 
to prevent bruising. A poor shipper. Ripens in January, and when 
in its prime one of the most delicious oranges known. 

MEDITERRANEAN SWEET. 

This variety is of medium or large size ; oval in shape, medium thin 
skin, pulp a little coarse, juicy, and very sweet. Ripens in Februar}'. 
Tree a fair grower, but branches are inclined to droop and become 
dwarfish. Branches entirely thornless and fruit nearly seedless ; an 
early and prolific bearer —will bear the second year after budding on 
five year old stock. Valuable for its early prolific bearing, thornless 
branches, late ripening and carrying qualities. 

BEACH'S NO. 1 EGG. 

Medium size; oval, skin medium, pulp rather coarse, juicy, sweet 
and delicious. Ripens first of November and prime in December. 
Valuable for its early ripening, sweetness and keeping and carrying 
qualities. Probably the best early ripening good orange. 
PHILLIPS' BITTER SWEET. 

Medium to large size; thin skin, pulp tender, juicy, slightly sub- 
acid, bitter and aromatic. Ripens from April to June. A good sum- 
mer fruit. Tree is doubtless a hybrid of the sweet and wild orange, 
and the branches are free from thorns. 

MANDARIN— TANGERINE— KID-GLOVE. 

Oranges classed under this heading undoubtedly belong to a dis- 
tinct species of the citrus family, as they have very few if any char- 
acteristics of the common oranges. Small to medium size, flattened at 
the blossom end or shaped like a tomato ; skin rather smooth, ribbed, 
and when the fruit is mature it parts readily from the pulp. Pulp 
rather coarse, sections separate readily without breaking the mem- 
brane ; juicy, sweet, aromatic and delicious. Ripens in December and 
prime in January. There are numerous varieties of this fine fruit, 
from the very small to large ; skin usually bright or orange, with small 
dark speckles, and the odor on breaking the skin is strong, pungent 
and disagreeable. Dancy's Tangerine differs from the ordinary fruit 
only in color of the rind, which is of a deep crimson. Tree usually 
very thorny, leaves small, willow shaped, and branches slender and 
dark hue. 



[Ill 

SATSUMA. 

This is a late importation from Japan. Fruit much larger than the 
foregoing, but of same species and many of the characteristics. Tree 
a slow grower, branches drooping, thorn less and fruit seedless ; early 
and prolific bearer; bears second year after budding on four or five 
year old sour stock. Tree very hardy, leaves large and leathery, and 
will stand a low degree of temperature without injury. On account of 
its hardiness, disposition to dwarf, fine quality of fruit, early ripening 
— December — this should become a popular variety and be largely 
planted. 

There are many other varieties of the orange which are doubtless 
equal, in many respects, to some we have mentioned above, but these 
we know to be all that is claimed for them, and a person owning a 
grove planted with a due proportion of the varieties here described, 
need look no farther for quality of fruit. Here we have varieties ri- 
pening from October to April, which ought to satisfy the taste and 
mind of all lovers and growers of the golden fruit. 

It is contended by some, that to location, soil and cultivation, is due 
the superiority of one variety of fruit over another. This is undoubt- 
edly true to a certain extent, that the same varieties, by different treat- 
ment, may be modified in qualities, but that a Hombsassa, a Higgins,- 
a Dummitt, or a Navel, by the most adverse culture, can lose entirely 
its characteristic identity, we do not believe. 

Dr. C. J. Kenworthy, of Jacksonville, has been very successful in 
the cultivation of the dwarf orange, and it is delightful and instructive 
to notice the mini? ture trees in his garden bending beneath the weight 
of their delicious golden globes. 



ORANGE CULTURE. 

Wherever the soil is suitable, this county is adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of this favorite fruit. It cannot and will not be denied that this 
industry is subject to occasional vicissitudes, similar to those of the 
late winter, which affected to a greater or less degree the groves in 
almost every portion of the peninsula. But such winters as that of 
1883-84 rarely occur. The trees which lost their leaves by the frosts 
of last winter are again loaded with fruit, and compare favorably with 
those produced elsewhere. The county is dotted with groves of differ- 
ent ages and the acreage devoted to this fruit is constantly and rapidly 
increasing. It is claimed that the oranges of this section bear trans- 
portation better than those from other portions of the State. Certain 
it is that they are eagerly sought after by dealers and bring remunera- 
tive prices. 



[12] -C 

FIS HER IES. 

The St. Johns River and tributaries and our Atlantic coast teem 
with numerous varieties of choice food fishes. Considerable labor and 
capital are invested in this industry, and large numbers of the finny- 
tribes are shipped to less favored localities. Many Northern fisher- 
men come out in the fall and winter to engage in this pursuit, and the 
products of their labors are packed in ice and forwarded to New York, 
Boston, Philadelphia, etc. White shad begin to run here in Decem- 
ber, and it is in contemplation by the United States Fish Commissioner 
to establish a hatching-ground for this valuable variety at some point 
on the St. Johns. Mullet, black-bass, channel-bass, sheephead, salt- 
water trout, black-fish, perch, bream, red snapper, grouper, and numer- 
ous other varieties furnish abundance of cheap and nutritious food for 
the masses and endless amusement to the sportsman. Oysters are found 
in large quantities and of excellent quality at the Bar and in the 
creeks near the mouth of the St. Johns. 



GAME. 

There are still to be found deer, wild turkeys and bears, in the way 
of large animals. Quail and wild duck are numerous in the fall and 
winter. 



COUNT Y SC HOOLS. 

In the system of Common Schools as provided by the State of Flor- 
ida, each county comprises a school district. The officers are a County 
Superintendent, a Board of Public Instruction, and Trustees of par- 
ticular schools. They are supported by a general tax of one mill as a 
State tax, and a county tax of not less than two and one-half mills nor 
more than four mills, and the interest on the funds accruing from the 
sale of the School lands. 

In Duval County there are now in operation sixty-one schools, 
among which are several graded Grammar schools and one High 
school. In these there are collected together several hundred pupils, 
with a corps of efficient teachers employed in each. Most of these are 
in the city of Jacksonville and its suburbs ; yet there are one or two 
equally good and efficient in the rural districts. 

There are in daily average attendance upon the schools of the 
county 1075 white pupils and 1326 colored pupils. The curriculum 
of the Grammar schools is of such a character as to fit the pupils at 
least for the ordinary demands of life, while the High school fits them 
for business life. 

The schools are fully open to all the citizens of the county. Those 



[13] 

in the city proper are operated eight months, those of the suburbs six 
months, and those of the country schools five months each. All the 
schools are opened on the first Monday in October of each year. 

The teachers are required to pass a searching examination, and un- 
less satisfactory evidence is given of their educational qualifications 
they are not employed. They are also required to give ample evi- 
dence of their moral character. As a result, the educational oppor- 
tunities and privileges of this county are to be favorably compared 
with most communities in the South, if not in the whole country. 
Eleven new schools have been opened during the present year. 



JACKSONVILLE. 



It is quite safe to say that the vast majority of all of those who visit 
Florida for health, pleasure, or business, do not leave the State with- 
out spending more or less time in its metropolis. It is the gateway of 
the State, and the great distributing point for the tens of thousands of 
strangers who annually seek its shores. Here they rest for a few days 
after their arrival, and here they linger for a time, before taking their 
departure, loth to leave its varied attractions. It is a busy, active, stir- 
ring city, full of life and bustle, containing all the promises of progress 
and prosperity, showing aV the indications of future greatness. It 
keeps full pace with all the improvements that add to the comfort of 
humanity, and in these respects is not a whit behind communities of 
far greater age and denser population. 

In her telegraph and telephone arrangements, her extensive and far- 
reaching railroad and steamboat connections, her complete and perfect 
systems of water-works, sewerage, public schools, churches, etc., she is 
on a par with the noblest city of the age. 

In hotel and boarding-house accommodations, she stands confessedly 
without a superior and with but few rivals. The St. James, Windsor, 
Everett, Carleton and Duval houses, are known throughout the States 
for the comforts and luxuries they extend to the pleasure-seekers 
and invalids. These are supplemented by a host of other excellent 
minor hotels and boarding-houses, adapted to the wants and purses of 
all visitors. Large numbers make Jacksonville their headquarters for 
the season, making frequent excursions up the river and into the inte- 
rior, but always returning with a sense of satisfaction and content- 
ment. 

Society is cosmopolitan here to a marked degree, and is derived from 
all quarters of this and foreign countries. Perhaps there is no South- 
ern city, with the single exception of New Orleans, that presents this 
feature in a greater degree than Jacksonville, and it is greatly owing to 
this fact that it possesses such attractions for strangers. Churches of all 



[14] 

the various denominations, and the various shades of religious senti- 
ment, open their doors for the benefit of the devoutly disposed. 

As a place of sojourn for the tourist, the wealthy, and the fashion- 
able classes, it is fast taking rank with Saratoga, Newport and Long 
Branch. With these elements, it is becoming a necessity to pass a 
portion of each winter in Jacksonville. Here they meet the same 
associates that they found during the summer at the most noted North- 
ern resorts and there has simply been a change of climate and scenery. 
From the first of December to the middle of April, the city is crowded 
to overflowing with guests from every State in the Union, and from 
the leading foreign countries. Here they find all the conditions requi- 
site for au existence of ease, luxury and pleasure, and can set at defiance 
the bleak hills and icy breezes of their homes in the higher latitudes. 
It is a great relief to these people to be able to take out-door exercise 
in midwinter, unencumbered by furs and heavy clothing, and to have 
their eyes and ears greeted by green shrubbery, beautiful flowers, and 
the notes of birds, at a season when their homes near the granite hills 
of New England, the great Northern Lakes, and the open prairies of 
the West, are cheerless and uninviting. 

Every pleasant day they can be seen by hundreds, lounging upon 
the broad piazzas of the hotels, indulging in the luxury of a sun bath, 
sauntering through Bay street and inspecting the myriads of odd and 
rare things in the curiosity stores, or taking the air in the elegant car- 
riages for which the city is famous. At night the parlors present a 
gay appearance. Each hotel has its band of musicians and hops are 
frequent. The handsomely dressed guests, attired in diamonds and 
costly fabrics, indulge in the mazy dance, or betake themselves to a 
social game of cards. 

There are daily excursions to St. Augustine, Palatka, Fernandina, 
Mayport, Green Cove, and other favorite resorts, allowing an abund- 
ance of time to inspect these localities. Herein consists another of the 
attractions of this city. Its proximity to the points above mentioned 
permits frequent visits, that consume little time, and cost but a trifle. 

The broad and noble St. Johns aflfords pastime for those fond of sail- 
ing or rowing. Safe and staunch boats are to be had in abundance, and 
furnish diversion to those fond of such amusements. Steam ferry- 
boats ply regularly to the opposite side of the river, where good roads, 
handsome residences and thriving orange groves await inspection, 

Jacksonville, so named in honor of President Andrew Jackson, is 
situated on the west bank of the St. Johns, about twenty-five miles 
from its mouth. 

The city is laid out at right angles, and the streets are wide and 
beautiful. The majestic oaks, with their far-reaching limbs draped 
with festoons of Spanish moss, impress strangers most favorably. The 
private residences are usually of a light and airy style of architecture, 
with numerous verandahs covered by vines and trailing plants. 
Much attention is given to shrubbery and many handsome flower gar- 



[15] 

dens are to be encountered. The orange-tree is seen everywhere, and 
in almost every yard are to be found from one to a dozen of these fa- 
vorite trees, furnishing not only their delightful fruit, but a grateful 
shade. 

The St. James is the only park in the city. It is surrounded by fine 
oaks, and contains several varieties of tropical plants. 

Bay street, the business thoroughfare of the city, contains many im- 
posing buildings that would do credit to communities of far greater 
pretensions. In the amount of business transacted by its merchants, 
and the general air of activity and stir that is presented, it is surpassed 
by but few in the South. This city is the base of supplies for a large 
portion of the State, and the facilities of the merchants are such that 
they are able to compete successfully with any other points. 

There is every reason to believe that an appropriation will soon be 
made by the General Government for the erection of a public build- 
ing for the accommodation of the offices located in the city. Jack- 
sonville is the site of the United States Court for the Northern Dis- 
trict of Florida, and here are situated the ofiices of the Judge, Mar- 
shal, and Clerk of that tribunal. The Collector of Internal Revenue 
for the State also has his headquarters in this city. 

Jacksonville also contains the largest and most important post-office 
in the State, and is the distributing point for the bulk of the mails 
reaching Florida. The postmaster reports that his office returned to 
the government a net revenue of $23,000 during the last year. 

The Free Masons have Lodges, Chapters and Encampments. The 
Odd Fellows are also in a flourishing condition. The Knights of 
Honor, Foresters, and Sons of Temperance are largely represented. 
St. Luke's Hospital, an institution sustained by private charity, afibrds 
relief to destitute invalids. 

The Library Association owns a handsome suite of rooms, where 
can be found the latest papers and magazines, and a collection of 
books. 

Three daily papers, enterprising and well-conducted, enjoy a large 
circulation in the city and throughout the interior. There are several 
journals that issue a weekly edition. 

The public schools are handsome and convenient buildings, employ- 
ing an excellent corps of teachers and attended by large numbers of 
children. The facilities for obtaining a solid education are equally 
open to both races. 

The city is illuminated by gas, and the electric light has recently 
been introduced. 

Two clubs, the Yacht and the Jacksonville, have been formed for 
social enjoyment and intercourse, and contribute largely to the pleas- 
ure of their members and visitors. 

There are three uniformed military companies, the Jacksonville 
Light Infantry, Metropolitan Light Infantry, and Light Artillery, 
and two companies of colored infantry. 



[16] 

Lines of splendid steamers leave daily for Palatka, Sanford and all 
intermediate points on the St. Johns river, and also to Mayport and 
Fort George Island, at the mouth of the same river. There are also 
two semi-weekly steamers direct to Charleston, S. C, touching at Savan- 
nah. These facilities give the citizens of this county advantages pos- 
sessed by no other portion of the State, and should serve as a great in- 
ducement to all seeking a hoil^e in iDuval. 

Heavy freight is brought very cheaply from Northern ports by the 
coasting vessels constantly seeking the saw-mills for cargoes of lum- 
ber. 

Lines of street cars traverse the principal portions of the city, and 
reach out to the suburbs. East Jacksonville, La Villa. Brooklyn, Spring- 
field, Oakland and Riverside, are largely peopled by persons who do 
business in the city proper, but who have their residences in the thriv- 
ing environs. 

The cheapness of building lots, and the fact that the residents of 
these places evade the payment of city taxes, have induced many to 
make their homes in the suburbs. East Jacksonville contains many 
large saw-mills, employing numerous laborers and furnishing immense 
quantities of lumber for home consumption and export. It is growing 
rapidly, and the road leading out to the grounds of the Jockey Club 
Association, two miles distant from Jacksonville, is lined with hand- 
some residences. 

Bi'ooklyn and Riverside are beautifully situated on a bold bluft" 
overlooking the St. Johns river for a considerable distance. Here are 
to be found most desirable sites for building purposes, many of which 
are already occupied by costly and imposing structures, 

A large portion of Springfield has been laid off" in lots, and the 
sounds of the hammer and saw are heard in every direction. The car- 
penters are also busy in Lavilla and Oakland, and the value of real 
estate is constantly on the increase in these thriving settlements. All 
contain churches and schools, and boast of an orderly and progressive 
population. 





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VILLA ALEXANDEIA. 



[20j 

VILLA ALEXANDRIA. 

Landscape Gardening, as an art, has thus far received no large 
share of attention in Florida; but, scattered here and there, through- 
out the State, may be found a few places in which taste, culture and 
abundant means have developed the natural beauties of the country 
and produced the most pleasing results. 

"The Mitchell Place, or "Villa Alexandria," which is situated on a 
beautiful curve of the St. Johns River, about two miles south of Jack- 
sonville, is justly considered one of the most attractive and delightful 
country residences in this "Land of Flowers," and during the winter 
season, when our country is full of health-and-pleasu re-seekers, it is 
the Mecca of many pilgrims. 

Our engraving shows the front or river entrance to the grounds, 
with the Villa seen through an arched opening in the trees. The 
first glimpse of "Alexandria," as the visitor lands at the boat-house, 
is very attractive-and charming — indeed, quite unique, as a beautiful, 
lialf-revealed rural picture ; and this prepossessing impression is in- 
creased rather than lessened by a closer inspection of the Villa, the 
grounds, the orange groves and general surroundings. 

Passing from the boat-landing toward the entrance, the clear, white 
beach of shining shells first attracts attention. Then the far-reaching 
hedge of Cherokee Roses, rolling its heavy masses of " greenery " like 
a huge emerald wave along the shelly shore — reaching out its long, 
slender, swaying wands in all directions, or climbing, vine-like, into 
the tops of tlje tall cypress and pine trees ; — this lovely, evergreen, 
thorny border and barrier — attractive and repellant — is charming at 
all times, but especially when covered with the myriads of large, 
sliowy, white blossoms, which literally envelope it for a few weeks in 
early spring, it forms a conibination of the utile cum dulce to be long 
and admiringly remembered. 

Upon entering the massive iron gates, (swung from tall brick pillars 
crowned with vases of tropical plants), cool, shady and alluring walks 
branch ofi" in difierent directions, and one especially, the " Up-River 
Road," leads southward along the curving shore, under the shadows of 
huge, towering trees, heavily draped and festooned with that most 
graceful of Florida plants, the gray, "Spanish Moss," (Tilaoidsia 
usneoides), afibrding at every step a new view of the broad, silvery 
river ; the heavily wooded, high banks ; the dense jungles of cane- 
brake, bamboo-brier, smilax, palmetto, etc., along the water's edge ,♦ 
and, in many places, strikingly reminding the visitor of the sylvan 
gothic arches and weird moss drapery in the long, converging aisles of 
" Bouaventure" — that loveliest gateway to the "Land of the Here- 
after." 

On returning from the southern boundary or terminus of the grounds, 
by the "River Road" or "Upper Path, (which skirts a long, wood - 
fringed blufi"), the extensive, beautifully kept and flourishing orange 
groves, and the great variety of rare and lovely flowering plants^ vines. 



[21] 

trees and shrubs — palms, cape jasmines, magnolias, azaleas, camellias, 
roses, acacias, etc., will be found worthy of particular examination and 
attention. The "Great Live Oak" then looms into view, and dwarfs 
by comparison all the neighboring " tenants of the wood." This truly 
magnificent specimen of Quercus sempervirens is known as the " Coun- 
cil Oak," and tradition avers that, in long-past times, the Indians were 
wont to assemble 'neath the shade of its wide-spreading branches, and 
hold their councils of war and peace ; plan hostile forays or friendly 
hunting parties ; and decide all questions of moment and importance. 
" Howe'er this may be," we know not ; but certainly the antique legend 
and tradition throws a poetical glamour around this grand oW forest 
monarch, which adds to its interest and charm. 

The tout ensemble and general " tone " of " Alexandria " is reposeful, 
quiet and refined. All the natural beauties of the place have been 
carefully preserved, and the improvements and embellishments have 
always been directed by that fine taste, judgment and skill which are 
the natural results of intuitive artistic perception aided and developed 
by large culture and varied and extensive observation and travel. 

" Villa Alexandria " is the favorite winter residence of Mrs. Alex- 
ander Mitchell, of Milwaukee ; and to this " lady of the manor " 
may justly be ascribed the credit and honor of creating or evolving 
from very crude materials this delightful and most attractive Florida 
home — a beautiful example of what taste, perseverance and means 
may accomplish in our favored climate in a few short years. 

OKLAHOMA. 

On the opposite side of the river from the city is the terminus of 
the Jacksonville and Atlantic, and the Jacksonville and St. Augustine 
railroads. Two steam ferry boats ply between this point and Jack- 
sonville. 

Oklahoma is growing rapidly, and will soon be one of the important 
suburbs of Jacksonville. Land for a marine railway has just been 
purchased. The groves and gardens of this settlement are very at- 
tractive and much visited by strangers. 

MANDARIN. 

This is one of the oldest settlements in the county, twelve miles south 
of Jacksonville, and contains the most flourishing orange groves in 
Duval. It is noted as being the winter residence of the famous author- 
ess, Mrs. Harriett Beecher Stowe. The lands around Mandarin are of 
excellent quality, and the general appearance of the place indicates the 
intelligence and progressive character of its population. 

Tisonia is a growing place on the Waycross connection. There are 
several saw-mills in the vicinity, and a considerable business is done 
in lumber. 



[22] 

PANAMA PARK. 

Panama Park is a beautiful tract of undulating country, situated 
about three and a half miles north of the present limits of the city of 
Jacksonville, partly in the form of a peninsula, having its shores on 
the north and east constantly bathed by the tides of Trout Creek and 
St. Johns River — both of which noble streams are in full view of this 
delightful suburb and contribute to its attractiveness and salubrity. 
The view to the northest embraces a grand expanse of water stretch- 
ing away almost to St. Johns bar, whence the roar of the surf may 
often be distinctly heard, and the ocean breeze comes without inter- 
ruption. A few years ago this tract was a wilderness ; now it is a 
lovely village with church, school, railroad depot, steamboat landings, 
store and telephone, and possesses advantages rarely equaled in any 
other place for a comfortable and healthy residence throughout the 
year, where the privileges of country and city can be combined. 

CHASEVILLE, ARLINGTON, AND ST. NICHOLAS. 

The above settlements are desirably located on the river, within 
easy access of the city, and contain many handsome residences and 
orange groves. Arlington boasts an excellent hotel ; lands in the neigh- 
borhood of these places are good, and are adapted to the cultivation of 
fruits and vegetables. 

Desirable lands can be had around Moncrief, Gravely Hill, Beau- 
clerc's Bluff, Camp Mooney, Broward's Neck, Geigers, and the new 
towns of Edgewood, Bayard and Maxville. 

These lands are productive, easily cultivated, and can be purchased 
at prices far below those paid for inferior lands higher up the river. 
An inspection of the orange groves in and around all the points above 
mentioned, will satisfy any inquirer that this fruit can be as profitably 
and safely raised in Duval as in most of the up-river counties, where 
the ease and convenience of transportation are far inferior to similar 
facilities enjoyed in this section. 

MAYPORT AND PILOT TOWN. 

These places lie near the mouth of the St. Johns, about twenty-five 
miles from Jacksonville, and attract many visitors, especially during 
the summer. The fishing and bathing facilities are fine, and the ac- 
commodations are excellent. 

BALDWIN. 

This settlement is situated about twenty miles west of Jacksonville, 
on the intersection of the two main trunk lines of the Florida Navi- 
gation and Railway Company. It contains several stores, churches 
and schools. Good lands can be obtained in the vicinity at reason- 
able prices. 



[23] 

NEW BERLIN. 

This is a thriving settlement on the river, a few miles north of Jack- 
sonville, and extensive fisheries are here successfully conducted. 



EASTERN PORTION OF DUVAL COUNTY. 

Notwithstanding the superior advantages ot Duval County in rela- 
tion to markets and commercial facilities, in no portion of East Flor- 
ida have the lands been less appreciated or attracted less attention 
frcm capitalists or emigrants seeking homes. 

While other districts have been proclaiming in every possible form 
their pecuMar advantages and vaunting their claims to exclusive at- 
tractions ; while "syndicates" and individual capitalists Lave been 
investing in enormous tracts of wild territory farther south, and the 
press of j£cksonville and interested agents here have been setting forth 
in glowing pictures imaginary advantages of more southern localities, 
Duval County has been suffered to lie comparatively dormant and 
only received attention from the more cool and calculating immigrant 
whose experience tas taught him that the real value of lan'^s for occu- 
pation or for speculative purposes is more in proportion to the advan- 
tages and facilities for marketing its products than in the specific 
amount of their products. 

To use a modern coinage to express inflated progress, no " boom" 
for this region has been attempted to secure popular favor, though in 
soil, climate, and all the elements of advantageous and profitable occu- 
pation, the lands of Duval are'the equal of the most "booming" dis- 
tricts farther Scuth, where lands command double and quadruple the 
price, and where the expense of making homes and reaching markets 
are fourfold more than here. 

With full knowledge and appreciation of the beautiful semi- 
tropical southern region, drained by the grand river St. Johns and 
its tributaries, and the country dotted all over with beautiful lakes 
and springs, and intersected everywhere by tortuous streams finding 
their outlets in the harbors of the Gulf ; rejoicing in all that tends to 
the rapid development of the more southern counties where the wave 
of civilization is converting the wilderness into a garden, and without 
detracting from any of these, we still say that no portion of Florida, 
and we believe no portion of any other State, offers inducements fcr 
the investment of capital and industry superior to this county of Du- 
val, and more especially that portion lying east of the St. Johns 
river, extending to the Atlantic coast. 

This section, by reason of its exemption from the severe frosts which 
attach to more western localities on account of the sheltering waters of 
the St. John's, is eminently fitted for orange culture and produces a 
fruit which is not excelled. It possesses every variety of soil common 
to East Florida, and abounds in shell deposits, marl, clay suitable for 



[24] 

brick, and a great variety of timber, including the spreading live oak, 
cabbage palm, cedar, cypress, pine, magnolia, etc. It is intersected by 
streams which, at no distant day, will be utilized for inland navigation 
from the mouth of the St, Johns to Indian Kiver. It is traversed by 
the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Halifax Railroad, now in full 
■operation, and the Atlantic Railroad, now nearly completed from 
Jacksonville east to the ocean. 

j - These railroad companies have acquired fifty or sixty thousand acres 
-of the State swamp lands, which can be had for settlement at low 
prices; while there is United States land, which can be secured by 
homestead entry or purchase. Many large tracts of the old Spanish 
grants are awaiting purchasers and occupants. 

t- The same class of lands that are now commanding speculative 
prices for fruit culture and vegetable products for JSTorthern markets in 
the more southern districts, can here be purchased at first prices, and 
for purposes of occupation and cultivation, are more eligible for imme- 
diate profit, in easy reach of Jacksonville and St. Augustine, with 
facilities for daily communication by rail and river with the great 
cities of the North. 

The severest winter experienced for years has just passed, and the 
citrus culture of this region has stood the test of the frost with the 
thermometer at 22° above zero, and the fact is fully demonstrated that 
orange groves may be as permanently relied on here as in any part of 
the State farther south, and by reason of their contiguity to the home 
market, are much more profitable ; while the peach, pear", grape and 
fig, are more successfully cultivated here than in the more tropical 
sections. 

For market gardening, no locality can offer greater inducements. 
The cultivation of the more perishable products, as figs, strawberries 
and flowers, may be pursued with the greatest advantage. 

The influence of the commercial emporium of East Florida, with 
its rapid development, will command for all the available lands of the 
county speedy occupation and largely increased value. To the immi- 
grant seeking a home, to the capitalist seeking profitable investment, 
to the manufacturer, the artisan, the mechanic, the laborer, the agri- 
culturist, the florist, the horticulturist, the invalid and the pleasure- 
seeker, we commend the county of Duval, on the lower St. Johns. 



WOOrS OF DUVAL COUNTY. 

The forests of Duval County are very similar to those of other por- 
tions of the peninsula north of the Caloosahatchie. South of the Ca- 
loosahatchie the forests are essentially like those of the West Indies, 
while west of the Suwanee River they are very similar to those of the 
Carolinas and Virginia. Between these two very dissimilar portions 
of the State lies the great orange region, composing about twenty coun- 
ties, which, as to natural forest growth, vary but little from each others 



[25] 

except as to the ratio of oak to pine timber and the comparative com- 
mercial value of the latter. Nearly the whole of Duval County is 
covered with the yellow pine, a tree of greater importance to Florida 
than all others combined, furnishing material for building, for fuel, 
and for a large valuable export trade. As this county is traversed by 
numerous railroads and navigable streams, the timber in all portions 
of it is easily reached, and it has long been the source of an extensive 
trade in lumber, located principally at Jacksonville. At present 
there is but little prime merchantable timber remaining, yet our for- 
ests may still be drawn upon heavily for common building materials, 
fuel, rosin and turpentine. In low lands there is much of the Cuban 
pitch pine, which is excellent for framing timber, of slash pine (a va- 
riety of yellow pine with coarse grain and bark), and there is a little 
of the loblolly and pond pines, which are worthless. On pine lands of 
poor quality we find an undergrowth of small oaks, the turkey oak, 
post oak, and forked leaf black-jack ; the latter is most abundant and 
furnishes excellent fuel. 

All forests in which pine does not predominate in Florida are called 
hammocks. In Duval County they do not cover large areas, as in 
some other counties, but are restricted to the borders of water courses. 
The hammocks are forests of a sub-tropical character, consisting mainly 
of evergreen trees intermixed with shrubs and dwarf palmettoes, in- 
terlaced with vines and draped with long moss, (Tillandsia.) The 
trees most characteristic of the hammocks are the live oak and mag- 
nolia, two magnificent trees, unrivaled by any others growing east of 
the Rocky Mountains. As fine specimens of both may be found in 
Duval County as in any other part of the State. The live oak is no 
longer destroyed for ship timber, but is carefully preserved as the 
grandest of all shade trees. Next to these two trees, in abundance and 
size, rank the water oak and the red bay. The former is, properly 
speaking, the short-leaved willow-oak ; it is of more rapid growth than 
the live oak ; its foliage is handsomer, it bears transplanting well, 
and for these reasons it is used for shade more than other tree. The 
streets of Jacksonville are bordered with it, with occasionally a true 
water oak, which may be distinguished by its broad, wedge-shaped 
leaves. In door-yards and cemeteries a favorite tree is the evergreen 
cherry, commonly but improperly called mock orange or wild olive. 
It is sometimes found wild in the hammocks, but of small size. (Its 
bark, leaves and seeds are impregnated with hydrocyanic acid. This 
tree and the vine called yellow jessamine, are poisonous if eaten. But 
they may be handled with impunity, like all other plants growing in 
the county, except the poison ivy, which occurs in low hammocks, A 
few herbs produce a nettling sensation, but this is only momentary.) The 
red bay referred to above is sometimes called Florida Mahogany, on 
account of the beautiful color of its wood. The wood of the magnolia 
is also very handsome. The pig-nut hickory abounds, and the red 
hickory and red oak are occasionally met with. Of the smaller trees 



[26] 

of the dry hammocks the most noticeable are the American holly and 
the American olive, which have very beautiful foliage. 

Old fields, which were cultivated by the Spaniards and Indians, and 
afterward abandoned, have a characteristic tree growth, consisting of 
live oaks and loblolly pines, intermixed with wild plums and cherries, 
the persimmon, chinquepin and prickly ash. The latter has a curious 
warty bark, which has been much used as a substitute for quinine. 

In wooded swamps and on river shores the variety rf trees is quite 
different and less distinctively Southern. Here we find such Northern 
trees as the red maple, sweet gum, sour gum, red cedar, wax myrtle, 
elm, green ash and white ash. The Southern trees characteristic of 
the swamps are the tan or bull bay, (a beautiful tree in the Camellia 
family, with bark very rich in tannin), the white or swamp bay, (a 
species of magnolia here attaining a large size), the swamp ash, swamp 
hickory, water oak, tupelo, the pines, mentioned before, and the bald 
cypress. The wood of the latter is valuable for many purposes. Cy- 
press of more slender growth abounds in the shallow ponds so fre- 
quently met with in the flat pine woods. 

In the eastern part of Duval County, near the ocean, are some very 
fine hammocks, in the lower portions of which grow the pencil cedar, 
and the palmetto, the latter in great abundance. Here also are found 
natural groves of the sour orange, growing with oaks, bays, and other 
indigenous trees, the golden fruit ripening in the deepest shades of the 
primeval forest. This proves that Duval County is naturally adapted 
to the culture of the orange, the cultivated sweet variety being no less 
hardy than the sour., 

A. H. CURTISS. 



FORT GEORGE ISLAND. 

Fort George Island is situated at the mouth of the St. Johns River, 
twenty-two miles from Jacksonville, and is the southernmost of those 
famous Sea Islands that extend from Virginia to the St. Johns River, 
Landing from the steamers at the Pilot Town wharf, two miles above 
the bar, after a drive of a short distance through the little town, the 
island proper is entered over a splendid shell road. This road, two 
and a half miles in length, called Edgewood Avenue, is cut through 
the natural forests of live oak, cedar, magnolia, palmetto, bay and 
other semi-tropical trees, and winding, as it does, along the edge of the 
highland, with many graceful curves, shaded from the sun in the hot 
bright days, protected by the heavy fringe of evergreens from all cold 
winds, and made entirely of oyster shells, is hard, smooth and practi- 
cally level, and makes a drive unequaled in the State. It is but a 
portion of the system of excellent roads, having a total length of 
twenty-seven miles, that penetrate the island in every direction. Al- 
most at the entrance of the island, on the left of the Avenue, is the old 
ruined "Ghost house," built of that admixture of shell lime and sand 
called " tabby," crumbling into decay, overgrown by huge cedars and 



[27] 

clinging moss, a truly romantic spot. On either side of this old ruin, 
and for two miles along the Avenue, are immense mounds of oyster 
shells, ranging in height from ten to fifty feet, with here and there a 
sepulchre mound, completely covered by the luxuriant forest growth. 
As the Avenue skims the eastern side of the island, through the belt 
of trees and shrubs fringing the edge, the ocean is occasionally seen, 
contrasting its ever-moving surface with the quiet, solemn woods, on 
the west side. On the one side the restless breakers, with their silvered 
foam ; on the other, the dark unbroken repose of the forest. Fronting 
on the Arenue are the residences and young plantations of several 
Northern gentlemen who have settled here within the last few years, 
attracted by the long established healthfulness of the island and its 
beauties, as well as by the fertility of the soil. 

Further along Edgewood Avenue and two and a half miles from 
the Pilot Town landing, is Fort George Hotel, one of the best built 
and most comfortable hotels in the State, handsomely furnished, with all 
necessary appointments. To the west of the Fort George Hotel rises a 
ridge, the highest point of land on the coast, according to the United 
States Coast Survey, between the highlands of New Jersey and the 
Eio Grande, being ninety-five feet above the water. It is covered 
with live oak and other evergreen trees from the foot to the crown, 
and surmounted by an observatory, from which an unobstructed view, 
both inland and seaward, rewards the visitor for the trouble of climb- 
ing up and around the winding paths cut in the hill slopes. A good 
carriage road also leads to the top. At the end of the ridge, in the 
midst of the beautiful Magnolia Park, is Point Isabel, from which 
another exquisite view is had of the ocean and a cluster of little lakelets 
at the foot of the hill. 

At the extreme north end of the island, fronting on Fort George 
Inlet, is the old Plantation House, built over a hundred years ago on 
the site of a much older house, and approached from the east through 
a long avenue of aged moss-draped cedars and from the south through 
the wonderful Avenue of Palmettos. 

The whole western portion of the island is of the same character, 
with the same soil; is clear of woods and is ready for the plow, while 
the central and eastern part is covered with a dense growth of trees. 
Several large orange groves have been planted on the western and 
northern portions of the island within the last few years, and several 
are now in bearing. All of these groves are as thrifty and promising 
as groves in any portion of the State. The old fruit trees now on 
the island prove that many kinds of fruit raised in Florida do as well 
here as at points further south. 

Surrounded, as the island is, by salt tidal water, without any stag- 
nant pools, malaria is unknown, and the extreme healthfulness of the 
place is noted. Those who have already become residents, chiefly 
from the North, chose the island after experimenting elsewhere, and 
enjoy uninterrupted good health. 



[28J 

PABLO BEACH— JACKSONVILLE AND ATLANTIC 
KAILROAD. 

The beach, from extreme high to extreme low water mark, is from 
two hundred to five hundred yards in width, affording a smooth, per- 
fectly hard, straight and unbroken drive of twenty-five miles, or from 
Mayport to St. Augustine. At the extreme high-water mark is a row 
of high sand-dunes, which it is proposed by the company to level — 
the sand taken therefrom to be used in filling up such low places or 
depressions as may be found in the rear of the town site. The bluff 
at this point after the sand-dunes are cut down will be eight feet above 
the extreme high water mark, thus giving sufficient elevation to per- 
mit of a most thorough system of drainage, which will at once be made 
by the company. 

The town plot has already been surveyed and mapped. The streets 
and av6nues are wide and are to run due north and south and east 
and west. C n the bluff, above high-water mark and immediately be- 
tween the front row of lots and the beach where the sand-dunes now 
stand, is to be a boulevard, 250 feet wide, running along the entire 
town front, which is to be improved as the company sees fit, but will, 
in all probability, be planted out in St. Augustine or some other green 
grass and shade trees, and on the beach, in front of the centre of each 
block, will be erected ornamental bathing-houses, each house to con- 
tain three apartments. 

The bathing here is excellent, the average temperature of the water 
being seventy-eight degrees the year through and never so low in win- 
ter even as to be uncomfortable. For this reason the company expect 
to make this a popular winter as well as summer resort, and persons 
can bathe at any season of the year with impunity. Another great 
advantage is that while the surf is always high there is a perfect free- 
dom from the under current or tow, which renders precautionary life- 
lines, boats, etc., such as are required at all the Northern resorts, un- 
necessary, and bathers can go out several hundred yards from the land 
with perfect safety. 

As an extra precaution against the possibility of the bluff being 
damaged during heavy storms, a breakwater will be constructed at the 
extreme high water by driving rows of piling, which will project six 
or eight feet above high-water mark. 

The general passenger station will be located at the corner of Duval 
avenue and First street, and the entire block immediately on the south 
of this is reserved for hotel purposes, and upon that on the north will 
be erected a large ornamental, covered pavilion, for the accommoda- 
tion of excursionists. In the centre of the pavilion will be the arte- 
sian well, which has already been sunk to a depth of three hundred 
and sixty feet, from which there is a constant flow of pure water, the 
temperature of which is about sixty-five degrees. — Times-Union. 



[29] 

A TROPICAL REGION. 



That portion of Duval County lying south and east of the St. Johns 
Kiver yields large crops of oranges every year, no matter how cold 
the weather may be, and the reason is obvious. On the west and south 
is St. Johns River, miles in width. This stream rises in South Florida, 
and is fed by warm water springs. It has a uniform temperature, winter 
and summer of 74°. When the thermometer goes below 32° there is 
a dense fog formed by the waters of this river which envelopes the 
surrounding lands. Our coldest winds come, from the northwest. In 
passing over this vast area of warm water the chill is taken off and 
the fog above alluded to is blown toward the Atlantic coast, fifteen 
miles away. The Gulf Stream flows along the Atlantic coast in a 
northerly direction, and the temperature of this stream is 78°. An 
easterly wind sometimes brings up a fog from it, which is blown toward 
St. Johns River, Therefore the peninsular portion of Duval County 
is in cold weather frequently visited by fogs formed of salt and medi- 
cated waters, which protect oranges from the cold weather of less 
favored regions, and fill the atmosphere with healthful and anti-septic 
qualities. If these fogs arose from miasmatic swamps they would carry 
disease and death with them ; but as they are from the Gulf Stream 
and the St. John River, passing through miles of healthful pines, they 
bring healing on their wings. As a result of this, the section alluded 
t3 is the healthiest in the county, and that it is beneficial to the 
Orange and other tropical fruits, the hundreds of orange groves in this 
section of the county is the best proof. Here the trees are not hurt by 
the cold, and the yield of oranges per acre, year after year, cannot be 
beat by the most favored region of South Florida. There are here all 
the conditions which make the Indian River orange of such rich flavor 
and of such luxuriant growth. 



Apiculture could be made a paying business and the bees could 
gather honey and pollen almost every month of the year. Mr. U. S. 
Hart, of Volusia County, says on this subject : 

" The average natural increase and honey production is from one to 
three and 150 pounds of honey.* I have never seen or known of a 
diseased colony of bees in the State. The enemies are toads, dragon- 
flies, ants, moths and birds. Some of the leading pollen and honey- 
producing trees are the maple, willow, sweet gum, bays, orange, myr- 
tle, oak, basswood, hickory, youpon, mock-olive, saw-palmetto and cab- 
bage palmetto. 

"They produce honey in abundance of the finest quality, and we think 
it safe to say never fail to produce a good crop. We also have honey- 
producing vines and plants too numerous to mention." 

Bananas, guavas, lemons, Japan persimmons and plums, pears, pec- 
ans, pomegranates and jute, grow well in this county, but are not 
cultivated to any extent. 



[30] 

Of late some attention has been given to the saw-palmetto, which is 
very abundant, as affording material for the manufacture of paper- 
pulp. Specimens of paper from this plant have been exhibited that 
possess great tenacity and toughness and were admirably suited for 
bank notes, bonds and records. Of the same article are also made hats, 
fans, brushes, cordage, fiber for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc. Ex- 
periment will doubtless discover other uses for this plant, once re- 
garded as an incumbrance. 

Fuel is cheap and abundant and heavy clothing seldom required. 

Comfortable buildings can be erected at a moderate expense, and so 
rapid is the growth of vegetation that shrubbery and flowers will soon 
render the home pleasant and attractive. 



^A^HEN AND WHAT TO PLANT. 

Below is given briefly what may generally be safely adopted for this 

county : 

In January plant Irish potatoes, peas, beets, turnips, cabbage, and 
all hardy or semi-hardy vegetables ; make hot-beds for pushing the 
more tender plants, such as melons, tomatoes, okra, egg-plants, etc. ; 
set out fruit and other trees, and shrubbery. " 

February — Keep planting for a succession, same as in January, plant 
vines of all kinds, shrubbery and fruit trees of all kinds, especially of the 
citrus family, snap beans, corn ; bed sweet potatoes for draws and slips. 
Oats may also be still sown, as they are in previous months. 

]^arch — Corn, oats, and planting of February may be continued ; 
transplant tomatoes, egg-plants, melons, beans, and vines of all kinds ; 
mulberries and blackberries are now ripening. 

J^pril — Plant as in March, except Irish potatoes, kohl rabi, turnips ; 
continue to transplant tomatoes, okra, egg-plants ; sow millet, corn, 
cow peas, for fodder ; plant the butter bean, lady peas ; dig Irish pota- 
toes. Onions, beets, and usual early vegetables should be plenty for 

table. .11 . 1 . 

jj^ciy Plant sweet potatoes tor draws m beds ; contmue planting 

corn for table ; snap beans, peas and cucumbers ought to be well for- 
ward for use; continue planting okra, egg-plants, pepper, and butter 

beans. , . „ , . . 

June The heavy plantmg oi sweet potatoes and cow peas is now m 

ord^r • Irish potatoes, tomatoes, and a great variety of table vegeta- 
bles are now ready, as also plums, early peaches and grapes. 

jif^ly Sweet potatoes and cow peas are safe to plant, the rainy sea- 
son being favorable ; grapes, peaches and figs are in full season. Or- 
ange trees may be set out if the season is wet. 

J^-gust Finish up planting sweet potatoes and cow peas; sow cab- 
bage, cauliflower, turnips for fall planting ; plant kohl rabi and ruta- 
bagas ; transplant orange trees and bud ; last of month plant a few 
Irish potatoes and beans. 



[31] 

September — Now is the time to commence for the true winter gar- 
den, the garden which is commenced in the JSTorth in April and May. 
Plant the whole range of vegetables except sweet potatoes ; set out as- 
paragus, onion sets and strawberry plants. 

October — Plant same as last month ; put in garden peas ; set out 
cabbage plants, dig sweet potatoes, sow oats, rye, etc. 

November — A good month for garden ; continue to plant and trans- 
plant, same as for October ; sow oats, barley and rye for winter pas- 
turage or crops ; dig sweet potatoes ; house or bank them ; make su- 
gar and syrup. 

December — Clear up generally ; fence, ditch, manure, and sow and 
plant hardy vegetables ; plant, set out orange trees, fruit trees and 
shrubbery ; keep a sharp look-out for an occasional frost ; a slight 
protection will prevent injury. 

It will be seen from the above that there is no month in the year but 
what fresh and growing vegetables can be had for sale and domestic use. 
This latter is a large item in the expense of living. The soil is so easily 
worked, so easily cultivated, that most of garden work can be per- 
formed by even delicate ladies and young children of both sexes. In- 
deed, most Florida gardens are so made — no frozen clods to break, or 
rocks to remove. A garden once put in condition, properly managed, 
will produce abundantly and constantly. The rapid growth assures 
large and tender vegetables, early and luscious fruit. A single season 
will aft'ord strawberries from the setting out, ripe iigs from two-year 
old cuttings, grapes the second year, peaches the second and third 
years, oranges from the bud in three to five years. At a little cost, a 
little care, one can literally sit under his own vine and fig-tree, and 
enjoy fresh plucked fruit the whole year. 



Class of Immigrants "Wanted. 



We want population from every State in the Union and from every 
country in Europe ; we want the thrifty and industrious to join us in 
occupying and building up the vacant places in our favored State, 
that they may secure pleasant homes for themselves and their families ; 
we want them to identify themselves with our present population, and 
enjoy all the rights and privileges of the native born, which the 
laws of the State now fully guarantee to them. We have State and 
United States lands, which can be had for a mere nominal price. We 
need population. , We will give immigrants a hearty welcome, and 
extend to them full and equal protection ; we have no prejudices to 
overcome, for we are already cosmopolitan ; we want immigrants of 
kindred races, that we may be a homogeneous people; we are all im- 
migrants or their descendants ; we give immigration credit for all we 
are or hope to become. We do not wish to be misunderstood on this 
point; we do not want immigrants for subordinate positions, but, on 



[32] 

the contrary, invite them to locate, and become the owners of their 
homes in fee simple forever ; we want them to become citizens, and 
have with us equal political privileges and responsibilities in all the 
obligations imposed upon citizens under a Republican government ; we 
want persons skilled in a great variety of mechanical and agricultural 
pursuits — in fact, in all of the industries of life, for we have a State 
possessed of the requisite conditions for successful cultivation and de- 
velopment. We want, especially, persons skilled in gardening and 
fruit growing, in the cultivation of tobacco, sugar, etc. ; we want grape 
and orange growers, together with the whole list of semi-tropical fruits ; 
we want manufacturers of lumber and naval stores ; we want, espe- 
cially, capital to develop our unbounded resources ; we want immigrants 
that will bring along with them sufficient means and energy to enter 
upon business for themselves, to buy our cheap lands, become perma- 
nent residents, practical fruit growers and successful agriculturists, or 
who will follow some mechanical or manufacturing occupation ; we 
want settlers who are willing to rely on their own exertions and means 
to make themselves beautiful homes. To such we say, Come, and if 
you have good staying qualities, your reward is sure. 



ADVERTISENENTS. 



83 



BARRS, HUNTER & STOCKTON, 



DEALERS IN 



* Florida Real Estate,* 



No. 49 WEST BAY STREET, - JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 
Have for sale on easy terms 

ORANGE GROVES, VEGETABLE FARMS 
AND WINTER HOMES, 

WITH 

FINE LAKE AND RIVER FRONTS, 



iiiiiisiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigiiigiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiEiiigiiiiiiiiHiiiiigiii 

M CHOICE ORANGE LANDS 3E 

iggiigggrnggigggiiggiigggiigyngnmiiiggggngn^^ 

Large or Small ^Tracts, located injall parts of the State. Business 
and Residence Lots in 



i; wniiiuvv, 

and other rapidly-growing towns of South Florida. City and Sub- 
urban Property a Specialty. Send for Descriptive Price-List. 



4®=PUKE GKOTJND BONE-=®a 

J.RTYGERT&CO'S 

ORASTGE-TREE 

FERTILIZERS. 




j6®=-GIVE it a TEIAL.-=©ft 

A. W. BARRS & CO., 

STATE AGEBTTS, 

JACKSONYILLE, FLl. 



MURIATE OF POTASH AND SULPHATE OF POTASH. 

10 to 20 per cent, glieaper, aijd (Juarauteed as good as the Best, Seijd for Pamphlet' 

OFFICE: 49 WEST BAY STREET. 



34 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



EIODVCES 



.^ 



s^ 



EDGE^A^OOD 



JJ*XjOI=LII>-A.. 




'epots 
^' EDGEWOOD, 

Aaaitlon to 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

SCALE OF MILES 



yi%% '^ IKIKI? 



Rand Avery Suii^ly Co., Bnnr^Bj^osiou* 



EDGEWOOD 

is the Loveliest Location in the State. High, 
Healthy and Delightful. Churches, Schools 
and Stores will soon be Established. Splendid 
Shipping Facilities for Vegetables, Small Fruits 
and Oranges. A powerful, energetic company 
to Make Improvements. Avoid Isolation and 
come to EDGEWOOD, where your Family will 
never be Homesick or Discontented. Lands at 
Reasonable Prices and Payments made to suit. 

TALBOTT & CO., Agents, 

39 TVEST BAY STREET, 
Room 15, Palmetto Block. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 35 

G.+F.^DREW^&^CO, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

lAliWAll, SlOflS, 



-AND- 



FARMING IMPLEMENTS, 



I SPECIALTIES. I 

MILL v^^ STEAMBOAT SUPPLIES, 

WADSWORTH, MARTINEZ & LONGMAN'S 

PURE PREPARED PAINTS, 

BUCKTHORN BARBED WIRE, 

DIXIE AND AVERT PliOWS, 
TH09IAS' SMOOTHING HARROWS, 

RIX SPRING-TOOTH HARROWS, 

^"Grand Times" and "Sontbern Gem" COOK STOVES \ 

A FIRST CLASS 

PLUMBING, GAS AND STEAM-FITTING AND TIN-SHOP 

CONNECTED WITH OUR STORE. 

"We make a specialty of fillingr orders complete and prompt. If tbe 
gpoods are to be bad in tbe city. 



36 



AD V ERTISEMENTS. 



ASHMEAD BROS., 

77 YTEST BAY STREET, 



ffiU 




OOISlLLll! 



PRINTERS, BINDER S, AND DEALERS IN FANGY ARTIGLES. 

LIST OF BOOKS ON FLORIDA. 



PRICE. 

Camping and Cruising in Florida 1 50 

Chapin's Hand-Book of St. Augustine. 
(Illustrated.) By Elias Mason, M. A. 
Paper 25 

Practical Orange Culture. By Ar- 
thur Manville. (Latest work out. 
(12mo.) Paper, 75c.; Cloth 1 00' 

Guide to Jacksonville 25 

Ashmead's Sectional Map of Florida. 
New. Only 25 

Colton's Map of Florida 75 

Colton's Map of Florida. Sectional. 
(The best ) 1 25 

New and Accurate Map of St. Johns 
River 25 

McOlellan's New Digest of Laws of 
Florida. 8vo. sheep. Postage extra 7 00 

Index to the Decisions of the Su- 
preme Court of Florida 3 00 

Florida— Past and Present, together 
with Notes from vSunland, on the 
Manatee River. Gulf Coast of South 
Florida. Its Climate, Soil and Pro- 
ductions. By S. C-Upham. Paper... 50 

A Picnic in Florida and Glimpses of 
the Orange Land. By Mrs. S. L. 
Reed. Paper 20 

mailed on receipt of price. 

Map of Volusia Co. (Rogers') mounted $9 00 

Map of Volusia County (Rogers') 6 00 

DA • (Ii^ Book Form.) 

Sent by mail, postage free, on, receipt of price. 

Souvenir of Jacksonville (large size) ...$0 50 I Stereoscopic Views, (per dozen) $1 50 

Souvenir of St. Augustine (large size)... 50 | Heliotype Views, (per dozen) 150 

FLORIDA ILLUSTRATED. 

10.000 copies of M'hich have just been issued by us, consisting of twenty imperial size 
Colored Views in a handsome cloth case, illustrating the different sections of the State of 
Florida. 

This is the handsomest work of the kind ever published in Flor'da. Price by mail, post- 
age free, 50c. Every one interested in Florida should have a copy. 

LAW BLANKS. 

Warranty Deeds, per dozen $0 50 1 Mortgages, per dozen $0 50 

Quit-Claim Deeds, per dozen 50 | Notarial Seal Presses, made to order 5 00 

We publish a full line of Law Blanks for Lawvers, Justices of the Peace, Circuit 
Courts, etc. Price-list mailed on application. RUBBER STAMPS are manufactured 
right in our estabhshment, in the best mannei , and at short notice. 



I'RICE. 

Florida: For Tourists, Invalids and 
Settlers, (Harbour.) Profusely il- 
lustra ed $1 50 

Florida: Its Scenery, Climate and 
History. (Lsnier.) 1 50 

Guide to East Florida. (Edwards,) 
paper 10 

Fairbanks' History op Florida 2 50 

Davis' Orange Culture (new edition) 
enlarged and improved 50 

Moore's Orange Culture, (new edition) 
enlarged and improved 1 00 

Orange Insects— Illustrated. Ashmead 1 00 

History op St. Augustine. Dewhurst 1 25 

Orange Culture in California, by A. 
T.Gary. (Cloth.) 125 

Guide to St. Augustine and Florida . 
Bloomfleld 50 

Tourist and Invalid's Reference Book 
OF Winter Travel. For 1882 and 
1883. With Maps 50 

Florida Breezes. By Mrs. Ellen Call 
Long. 12mo 100 

Harcourt's Florida Fruits, and How 
TO Raise Them. Paper, 75c.; Cloth, 1 00 

Ma-^ville's Practical Orange Cult- 
ure. 12mo. Paper, 75c. ; Cloth ... 1 00 

Florida Annual 50 

Any of the above books 

Map of Hillsborough County (large) ... $4 00 I 

Map of Hillsborough County (small) . . 3 00 | 

VIEWS OF FLORE 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 37 



SavaDnah, Florida & Western 

111 GEMMfm WifOiOSS SlOBf UIE 

TO 

^FLORIDA^- 



THIS IS THE LINE SELECTED BY THE U. S. GOVERNMENT TO 
CARRY THE FAST MAIL 

TO 



FLORIDA and NEV^ ORLEANS. 
F^ I "V" IE3 — — 

EXPRESS PASSENGER TRAINS 

THE MOST ELEGANT SERVICE OF PULLMAN, 

BUFFET AND SLEEPING OARS, PARLOR OARS 

AND THROUGH-FARE COACHES. 

.^^^.^^^ _ 

Owing to the superb physical condiiton, fast scheudles are made 
with unsurpassed regularity. 

Freight service performed by the 

FLORIDA DISPATCH LINE, 

organized specially for the purpose of moving the peculiar products 
of Florida with certainty, speed and dispatch. 

• See that Tickets to Florida read via Savannah, Florida and 
Western Railway and Bills of Lading are via Florida Dispatch. 

JAS. L. TAYLOR, 

Gen'l Freight and Passenger Agent, SAVANNAH, GA' 



38 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



FLORIDA. 



-THE- 



FLORIDA LAND AND IMPROVEMENT GO., 4,000,000 AGRES. 

Middle and South Florida Lands for sale at $1.25 per acre, in blocks of 80 acrts or more. 
Prices within six miles of Railroads, $2.50 per acre. 

Miill© mi iilf 0@iil Oasil mi Okigglsli© l^aii Osmfiijj 

1,500,000 ^Al-OI^ES 
IN COUNTIES OF BREVARD, POLK, MANATEE, DADE AND MONROE. 
For sale in lots of 40 to 10,000 acres Prices from $1.25 to $10.00 per acre. 

KISSIMIVIEE LAND CO., 200,000 ACRES CHOICE SELECTED LAND, 

IN COUNTIES OF ORANGE, BREVARD. SUMTER, POLE, HILLSBOROUGH, 

MANATEE AND MONROE, At from $2.50 to $10.00 per acre. Also in 

KISSIMMEE €ITT. 

Business Lots $200 to $500 

Five-acre Lots 300 to 50a 

DISSTON CITY LAND COMPANY, 

Owns the town of DISSTON, comprising 10,000 acres laid off in five and ten-acre lots at 

Point Pinellas, at the entrance to Tampa Bay. 

DISSTON CITY 

Is one of the most tropical locations on the coast of Florida, and specially attractive, both 
for residence and fruit and vegetable growing. 

Prices of Lots $10.00 to $25.00 per acre. 

LAKE BUTLER VILLA COMPANY, 45,000 ACRES 

Choicest selected land in Northwestern Hillsborough and Southwestern Hernando. 
Prices from $5.0Oto$20.00per acre . 
Also, Town Lots in TARPON SPRINGS, on the Gulf Coast, twenty-flve miles from 
Tampa, specially desirable both for winter and summer residence. 

FLORIDA INVESTMENT COMPANY, 20,000 ACRES 

Of the richest lands in the State for Sugar Cane, Fruit, Vegetables, Corn, Hay, 
and all other products. 
These lands are inexhaustible, and are situated in the counties of Orange and Brevard, on 
and around Lake Tohopekaliga, near Kissimmbk City. Several tugar plantations are now 
being established on them. 

Prices from $5.00 to $25.00 per acre. 

ROSALIE LAND COMPANY ~ 

Owns the town of ROSALIE, comprising 3,000 acres laid off in five-acre Lots on the beau- 
tiful Lake Rosalie, in Polk County, twenty-flve miles south of Kissimmee. 
Prices of lots from $.50 to $200each5 

San Pablo and Diego Beach Land Co., 20,000 Acres of Choice Lands, 

Comprising the projected Town Sites of San Pablo, Diego Beach, and St. I eonard'' s-by- 

the-Sea. 
SAN PABLO is on the Jacksonville and Atlantic Railroad, thirteen miles from Jackson- 
ville, and within three miles of the new seaside resort, "PABLO BEACH." 

Prices of Town Lots from $50 to $100 each. 

Five and Ten-acre Lots $10 to $20 per acre. 

^P^For purchase or information about the foregoing properties, address 

W. T. FORBES, Land Commissioner, 

Comer Pine and Forsyth Streets, Jacksonville, Florida. 



ADVERTISEME^^TTS. 39 



ligliiifUlij f imp li li|Wiil 

BEG. 1884 — ^ 

NOV/ IN OPERATION 

BETWEEN 



ORANGE PARK, GREEN COVE SPRINGS AND MAGNOLIA, 

AND FORMING 

A DIRECT ROUTE 

TO 

ST. AUGUSTINE 

t AND TC 

GAINESVILLE, OCALA, LEESBURG, AND ALL 
[POINTS ON THE 

FLORIDA SOUTHERNIRAILWAY 

Broad Guage, Steel Rails, Equipment Unsurpassed. 

fMlIS Mllfl 411 1.14?1 4fiJW4f010ie imflil 

The EXTENSION of this line to SANFORD and DAYTON A (on 
the Atlantic coast,) will be completed by June, 1885, 

Crescent City, Seville, Tolnsla, Astor, Der.and, Springs Oardeii 
and Orang'e City, 

The DAYTONA branch leaving the main line at SEVILLE. The 
completion of these EXTENSIONS will shorten the time between 
JACKSONVILLE and SANFORD to 4= X-S IXOIXrS, 
and between Jacksonville and Daytona to ^3 IX^^TJ-I^S- 

TICKET OFFICES in Jacksonville, Cor. Bay and Hogan Streets, 
and at Waycross Station. 

OENERAI. OFFICES, 7 ASTOR BEOCK. 

1. 1, 10MI, i. W. ilimiT, 

Supt. and G. F. & P. A. General Manager 



40 



A DVERTISEMENTS. 



Mackey's Florida Curiosity Bazar 







ALLIGATOR TEETH, BOARS' TUSKS, SEA-BEAN JEWELRY, 

HUMAN HAIR GOODS, 
LADIES' SWITCHES, BANGS, FRONT PIECES, ETC., 

45 West Bay Street, JACKS©^V1I.L,E, FI^A. 

GEO. L. McCONIHE, 

(Successor to Benedict & McConihe.) 

DEALER IN 



PAINTS, OILS, 

BUILDING MATERIAL, 

HARDWARE, 

Cutlery, Stoves, Tin- 
war^, Agricultural Im- 
plements, Carpenters' 
Tools, Iron, Steel, 
Rope, Belting, Harness, 
i, ^.JSaddles, ~ii~^ 
Bridles, etc., etc. 




Sole Agent for Florida 

— FOR— 

Orange ^ig^taiag 
Powdeir, 

@%l7anizei font • Poiat 

Steel Bafftt Peace Wiire, 

ialvanized Barbed Steel 

twisted Bib&oa 

Wire, 

Spriag f ootb Caltivatofs 

&caie SsltiTators, 

oirs OWN 

grange grove Gmltiratoir. 



Bay Street, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Send_for cuts and prices. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



41 



^ FLORIDA SAYINGS BANK * 



-AND- 



Real Estate Exchange, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

HAS FOR SALE 

CHOICE LOTS, ORANGE GROVES, 

ALLOWS INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, COLLECTS RENTS AND 
INTEREST, NEGOTIATES LOANS, ETC. 

J. C. «REEL,EY, Pres't. HESTRY S. EEY, Treas. 



Fort George Island 



IS OFFERED 



FOR SALE 
IN LOTS TO SUIT PURCHASERS. 

J. C. GREELEY, Jacksonville. 

CHAS. HOLMES, Fort George. 



42 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



_^iTHE + ST. + J AMES,3t£^ 

(Winter Resort.) JACKSON VIL,I.E, FL,A., 



f 











Began its Seventeenth Season on December 1st. 

This large and favorite Hotel is more spacious and elegant than ever. It has been 
enlarged, remodeled and refurnished. The Dining Hall and Dravsdng Rooms are new and 
vast. The House is supplied with every modern convenience, including elevator, hot and 
cold baths, rooms en suite, with gas, electric lights and steam heat. The St. James is the 
"Fifth Avenue Hotel" of Florida, where everybody goes to meet everybody else. A 
sielect Orchestra has been secured for the season. Address by mail or telegraph, 

J. K. CAMPBELiIi, Proprietor. 

E. M RANDALL, Late Chief Justice. J. T. WALKER. G. U. WALKER. S. E. FOSTER. 

RANDALL, WALKERS & FOSTER, 
Attorneys and Counselors, 

COR. BAY AND OCEAN STS., 

FIBST NATIONAL BANK BUII^DINa, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER, 

Will furnish plans and specifications for buildings 
of all descriptions. 

- JSCKSONYILLE. FLORIDS, 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 43 

BOOTS J^ItTID SHIOES. 



THE ONLY ENTIRELY NEW STOCK OF 



BOOTS, SHOES and SLIPPERS 

All grades, from the Cheapest to the Finest. Burt's Shoes a specialty. 
Prompt and careful attention given to mail orders. 

CHAS. MARVIN & CO., 

21 West Bay and 24 Pine Streets. 
W. B. BiRNETT, Pres't. W. D. Bark ett, Cashier. B. H. Barnett, Vice Pres't. 

BANK OF JACKSONVILLE, 

JACKSONVIIiI.E, FliA. 

General Banking Business Transacted. 



CORRESPONDENTS: 

Merchants' Nat. Bank, Savannah, Ga. United States Nat. Bank, New York. 

Savannah Bank & Trust Oo., " " Nat. Bank of Commerce, " " 

ST. JOHNS HOTEL. 

(AN OLD AND EXCELLENT HOUSE,) 



Convenient to all business points in the city. Open through- 
out the year. Rates, $2 per day.* 

FLEMING & DANIEL 

ATTORNEYS + RT t IKW, 

Office, S. W. Eor. Market i Forsyth Sts., 

cr^^ciKisoisr'vii-ii-.E, :fi-..a.. 



44 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



E. HlOZ^iCIIsrS &c CO., 



DEALERS IN 



Groceries and Provisions, 

GIGARS AND TOBAGGO, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

Consignments of Country Produce Solicited, 

No. 50 West Bay St., - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

WATGH-MAKER, JEWELER, AND OPTICIAN. 

Repairing Watches a Specialty, 

FLORIDA CURIOSITIES. 

•No. 79 West Bay Street, - - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Opposite Astoe Building. 

J". S. BEXjXj, 

REAL ESTATE AND NOTARY. 

Choice land and improved places in the suburbs 

of Jacksonville. 

Cottages and Building Lots at Panama Park and Moncrief Park. 

i3yLi=E,0"VE:M:E3srTS 3sa:ji.iDE. 
Office in Reed'fs Block, Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. 

vj. E. T. BO"v;;^iDE!isr, 

11 liVest Bay Street, Jacksonville, Fla. 

At the above Establishment will be Found a Full 
Assortment of 

STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS, 

Fancy Articles, Boots and Shoes, Carpets, Matting, &c. 

Low prices, attentive clerks, and honest dealing, are the characteristics 
of this Establishment. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 45 



EUROPEAN PLAN, 

No. 18 East Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida. 



Two DooBS West of Post-Office. Street Cars from Depots, and Steamers stop 

AT THE Door. 

Rooms 50 cents per day and upward. Rooms for Two, 75 cents 
and upwards, according to size and location. 

First-Class Restaurant Attached where Regular IVieals are served. 

Breakfast, 30c. Dinner, 35c. Supper, 30c. 

liCSrCH COUNTER, SiTew Yorfe: Prices. F. BETTEXIKTI, Prop. 

R. N. Ellis. A. E. McCLtTEB. 

ELLIS & McCLURE, 
^l^CJHTECTg ^ND CIYm EN6INEE]^3. 

Flaas, ipeiSgatissS aai Isliaatis im iilMiigs of all ktois.. 
Water Supply, Drainage, Sewerage, Bridges, Roofs, &c 

Room ?fo. IS Palmetto Block, Bay St., 

P.O. Box 784. cr^^oicsoisrvix.Xj3], ifxjJL. 

Augustus W. Cockrell. Augustus Wm. Cockrell, Jr. 

A. W. Cockrell & Son, 

ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS, 

Rooms 3, 4 and 5, Mohawk Block, opposite Carleton House, 
S. ^V. Cor. Bay & Market Sts., 

. Jacksonville, Florida. 
TOGNI'S BILLIARD SALOON. 

SEVEN NEW TABLES, 

A First-Class Bar, with Choice Liquors, 
Wines and Cigars, 

Under Metropolitan Opera House, opposite Post-Offlce. 

Bay Street, - Jacksonville, Fla. 



46 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



DON'T READ THIS. 

Among the many attractions of our County and City is the well filled and 

tastily arranged 

JEWELRY ESTABLISHMENT OF LOUIS I. STEVENS, 

39 WEST BAY STREET, 

where can be found at all times a fine line of Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, 
Silverware, Spectacles, and Florida Curiosities ; prominent among the latter 
is a superb display of Stuffed Birds and other Taxidermy work. 

Watches anl Jewelry Bepairedl Ity ExperieaiceA WoElcmen. 

29 West Bay St., - - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

REMEMBER THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN ALLIGATOR. 

DREW, HAZELTBNE & LIVINGSTON, 

OWNERS AND AGENTS OF 



JACKSONVILLE MARINE RAILWAY, 

AND DEALERS IN 

LIME, PLASTER, HAIR, GEMENT, HAY, BRIGK AND IGE, 

Laura Street Wharf, - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

MUMBY, STOCKTON & KNIGHT, 

IMPORTERS, ■WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

OlOOIllT, 01114, iMSe Mi iilflllWMl, If 0., 

GENERAL KEROSENE FIXTURES, 

Holmes, Booth & Hayden's A-1 Silver-Plated Spoons, Forks, Etc., 

Headquarters for House-Furnishing Goods. Sole Agents for the "MONITOR" Oil Store 
and the " LITTLE JOKER " Oil Can. .^-GLASS LAMP WICKS.-®» 

13 WEST BAY ST REET, JAEKSONVILIE, FLA. 

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA, 

€or. Bay and Ocean Sts., JacksonTllle, Fla., 

Will sell exchange on all the commercial centers of the world ; and to 
especially facilitate 

TOURISTS TO CUBA, 

it will continue to sell its POPULAR OPTIONAL DRAFT, payable in 
Havana in Spanish Gold, or in New York City in current funds. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 47 



John Clark. J. E. Clark. W. R. Cox. 

JOHN CLARK, SON & CO., 

FORWARDING AND 

Commission ^ Merohants, 

AND DEALERS IN 

Groceries, Provisions, Hay, Grain, Liquors, Cigars, etc. 

Agents for Dupont's Gunpowder and White's Patent Money-Drawers. 
Also, Agents for G. H. Mumm & Co.'s Champagne. 

28 & 30 East Bay St., - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

01c© @f Gmnij mi Bipty lilted Stttei Sif?iy@f , 

AND DEALERSlIN REAL ESTATE, 

Room Xo. 3 Holmes' Building, Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. *! 

Government and State Lands Selected. City Property 
and Draughting a Specialty. 

TOWNSHIP MAPS FURNISHED AT ONE DOLLAR EACH. 

^"^"^irri^pSin'c^^^ofclte? ''^'- J^ GKSONVILLE, FLA. 

S. B. HUBBARD & CO., JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

HEADQUARTERS FOB 

DOORS, SASH AND BLINDS. 

Estimates given and Contracts taken for Builders' Supplies, Steam and 
Gas Fitting, Plumbing, Etc. 

State Agents for Glidden & Brinkerhoff' s Patents Steel Wire Fencing, 

THE CELEBRATED DEERE PLOWS, 

Planet Jr. Cultivators, Hazzard's Powder, Howe's Scales, Saddlery, Harness, Stoves, 

Ranges and Heaters, Iron, Steel, Nails, Paints and Oils, Rope, and every thing 

pertaining to Hardware and House furnishing. The trade supplied 

with the best Goods at fair prices. 

G-EO. I^. IFOSTEIE^ &c CO., 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Dealers in Grain and Hay, 

LISTER BROS.' FERTILIZER, 

iFiiaiE] jLisrx) XjIifie insrsTJiajLiTCiE .a^g-ts.. 

Agents for Ray's Line New York Packets. 



ADVERTISEMENTS, 



1 Q 7 3— ESTABliISHED 1 8 7 3 

PHAETONS, BUGGIES, SPRING AND FARM WAGONS, 

HARIITESS, SADDIiES, WHIPS, «fcc. 

State Agent Columbus Buggy Co., Columbus, Ohio. 

State Agent Cortland Wagon Company. 

State Agent Studebaker Mf 'g Co. Farm and Lumber Wagons. 

Largest Stock in the State. Prices defy competition. 

M. A. DZIALYNSKI, 

92 Bay Street, - - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



Enlarged and Newly Furnished Throughout, 

New Additions, giving tliree times tlie capacity of 1883, 

Gas, Electric Bells, Hot and Cold Water Baths, 

Forsytli, bet. Clay and Bridge Streets, 

Tliree Blocks from the Waycross and Florida Railway & Navigation Company's 
Depots and Up-River Steamboat Landings. 

EBie lest AceefflmofiaMotts foe tie Price in tte State. Bates, $i to $S per flay, 
G. TV. SMITH, Proprietor, 

H. ROBINSON & CO., 

AND DEALERS IN 

FANCY GOODS, PAINTS, OILS, ETC., 

JACKSOXVIEEE FEA. 

We are General Agents for POWELL'S CONCENTRATED CHEMICAL 
FERTILIZERS; W. R. WARNER & CO'S FLUID EXTRACTS, and 
PILLS; C. F. REYNOLDS' CELEBRATED MIXED PAINTS; DIA- 
MOND DYES, and headquarters for WHALE OIL SOAP 

JOKES Sl BCVUEU, 

DEALERS IN ALL DESCRIPTIONS OP 

DOMESTIG AND FOREIGN GROCERIES, 

CT.A-OiKZSOlsr'VIIl.I-.IE, :B'JLsOT^XJDj^. 

SEND FOR OUR PRICE-CURRENT. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



49 



RIVER FRONTS AT 

HOL.I^YWOOD 
FOR SALE. 

A few beautiful and attractive River 
Fronts on the St Johns, a short distance 
south of this city. Land admirably 
adapted to the Orange and all other fruits 
of this region. For maps, descriptions, 
etc., address, I>. REDMOND, 

Box 257, Jacksonville, Fla. 

MRS. C. FREELAND, 

HAS REMOVED TO HER NEW 
BUILDING 

COR. STATE &, LAURA STS, 

Jacksonville, Fla. 

The location is one of the best in the city, 
away from the river, clear of all damp- 
ness and well drained. Rooms face south 
and are Wfll ventilated. Hot and cold 
water baths. Open fire places. Take 
Street Oars at Depot and out Pine to 
State Street. 

58 West Bat St., 
JA€KS©]VVII.I.E, FEOKIDA. 

THE CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THIS 
CITY FOR 

D^Y 600D3, ]S[03FI6Ng, 

Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, Trunks, 
Valises, Etc. 
Sole Agent for the Celebrated "KIBTG 
SHIRT." Also Commission Merchant 
and only buj-er of Cotton in this city. 
Suits made to order at the lowest prices 
and on short notice. 

J. S. BEACH'S 

FLORIDA 

GANE MANUFAeXORY 

AND 

CURIOSITY STORE, 

The Trade Supplied with Orange, Pal- 
metto, Cocoanut, Royal Palm 
and other canes. 
Live Alligators from 10 inches to 12 feet 
long shipped to all parts of the United 
Slates. Special attention given to orders 
by mail. 



FOR THE CELEBRATED 

GUILD, CHURCH & CO. 

-McPIANOS3{£^ 



TONE- 



UNSURPASSED FOR 



FIHriSH — 

DURABII.ITY- 



MERRYDAY & PAINE, 

- -DEALERS IN — 

JACKSONVI LLE, FLA. 

WALL PAPER. 

We wish to call your attention to our 

NEW STORE AND STOCK. 

We have enlarged our shelf room, 
and added 

15,000 Bolts New Paper and 
Decorations. 

And as fast as NEW STYLES are print- 
ed they will be shipped to us. 

VERILL & PARRISH. 

KOHN, FURCIIGOTT & RENIDICT. 

DRY GOODS, 

CLOTHI^BG, &c. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

Cor. Bay and Pine Sts., 

JACKSONVIL.I.E, - - FLORIDA. 

We claim to be the largest establishment 

in our line. Large facilities enable us 
to compete with the largest houses North. 
li^°°Fair and just dealings have secured 
us the good will and patronage of the peo- 
ple in this State. 

G. P. & J. C. COOPER, 



Rooms 4 and 5, 

Bostwick's Rlocb, 

Corner Pine and Bay Streets, 
JACKSONTIIiliE, - - FI.A. 



50 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



iJSn it 



Aursj- 



Engines, Saw-naills, Pumps, and Machinery in general, repaired at siiort 
notice. Agent for Ames' Portable and Stationery Engines. 



(successor to J. I. GRIFFIN & CO.) 

Corner Bay amd JLanra Streets, 

JACKSOai-VH,l,E, F1,A., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

-^•DRuaaisT-i^- 

A fvll line of Imported and Domestic 
Perfumery, Toilet Articles, &c. 
1^- Special attention will be given the 
Order Department, and Druggists and 
Dealers generally are invited to send for 
quotations and compare prices. 



m, FAIRLIE, 

(WILLIAM FAIRLIE, Associate.) 

THE OLD RELIABLE 

EAST JACKSO^rVIJLIiE 

DRUe STORE, 

Corner East Bay and Brough Sts., 
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALTY, 

Purest materials and lowest prices. Also 

dealers in Painters' Supplies, Fancy 

Goods, Stationery, Garden ."^'eeds. 

Lamp Oil 150'^ Test, Lamps 

and Sundries. 

1^" Letter Orders promptly attended to. 

P. O. Box 769. 



T. A. McDONELL, 

JACKSONVILLE, - - FLORIDA. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 51 



Two Millions 

of acres of Farming, Orange, 
Timber and Grazing Lands, 
situated in 29 counties, and 
comprising the lands bought 
by Sir Edward J. Reed, from 
the State of Florida in 1881, 
are now offered at graded 
prices. These lands were se- 
lected by Hon. Hugh A. Cor- 
ley, late Commissioner of the 
State Land Office, and Mn 
M. A. WilHams, late agent for 
sale of State lands, which fact 
is a guaranty of their high 
quality. The purchase known 
as the Reed Purchase was only 
opened for sale this year, and 
the lands have not been culled 
or picked over. No part has 
been reserved in any manner, 
and the whole is open for sale. 
Special prices on large tracts. 
Timber lands, virgin forests in 
bodies of 50,000 acres and up- 
wards. Lands sold for cash, 
or on lonof time. 

The Florida Land and Mortgage Co. 

(LIMITED) JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 



52 ADVERTISEMENTS, 



THE KEY LINE 

UNLOCKS THE COMBINATION 

:OF; 

TRHVELflNTO+FLORIDS! 



The Entire System being relaid 

with New and Heavy Steel Rails! 

-m^ 

CEBTTRAI. DIVISIO?r, (F. T. & P. R. R.) 155 Miles 

WESTERN DIVISrOSr, (F. C. «fe W, R. R.) 209 Miles 

SOUTHERN DIVISION, (Tropical Fla, R. R.) „. 105 Miles 

JACKSONVIEEE BRANCH, (F. & J. R. R.) 23 Miles 

liEESBIJRG BRANCH, (Leesburgr «£: Ind. River R. R.>. 22 Miles 

ST. MARKS BRANCH 21 Miles 

MONTICEEIiO BRANCH , 4 Miles 

Total 538 Miles 

Your BEST ROUTE to the Garden^, Groves, Winter Homes and Resorts of 

Florida. Connections from the North, East, West and Soutliwest, and 

from points on the Gulf of Mexioo, by sea and rail. Double-daily 

Fassena;er Service. Elegant Parlor Cars on Day Trains, and 

Maa;nificent Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains. ; 

THE SHORT LINE to Fernandina, (the Newport of the South,) Waldo, Gaines- 
ville, Cedar Key, Tampa, Punta Rassa, Manatee. Key West, Havana, Nassau, 
West Indies, Hawthorne, Orange Lake, (Citra,) Silver Spring, Ocala, Lake 
View, Wildwood, Leesburg, Tavares, Fort Dade, Sumterville, Brooks- 
ville, Lakes Ocklawaha and Panasoffkee, the Withlacoochee, &c. 

By reason of our recent traffic arrangement with the DeBary-Baya Merchants Line of 
steamers, passengers are offered an elegant through connection, by water, at 
Savannah and Jacksonville, for the St. Johns River Country and all Inte- 
rior Points. 4®=" THROUGH TICKETS on sale at all Coupon Ticket 
Offices throi^hout the United States and Canada, and at Leve & 
Alden's Tourist Offices, as cheap as by any boute.=©h 

. ' 4®» BE CERTAIN that your tickets bead either via Fernandina, Callahan, 
Baldwin, Live Oak or River Junction, and the F. R. & N. 

2). E. MAXWELL, Gen. Supt, A. 0. Ma cD ONELL, G.R&T.A. 

Fernandina, Fla. Fernandina, Fla. 

WALTER G. COLEMAN, Gen. Trav. Pass. Agt, 

Jacksonville, Fla. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



53 




CUT RATES 



RAII>ROAI> AXI> 

STEAMSHIP TICKETS 

BOUGHT, SOEI> 
ABri> EXCHANGED AT 

27 WEST BAY STREET, 

(Huau's Cigar Store,) 
Jacksonville. Florida. 



Mulford, McKenzie & Co. 

Members American Ticket 
Brokers' Association. 



FLORIDA 

THE STATE THAT 

IS ON A BOOM 

For reliable information about this 

"LAND OF FLOWERS," 

subscribe to the 

-IFLORiOA WEEKLY TIMES:- 

Jaclisoiiville, Fla. 

oisrij"^ $1.00 -A. "X"E.^E,, 

With a Colored map of Florida free 

to all yearly subscribers. 
>l!®"Specimen copies free. 



J. L. MARVIN. 



J. N. C STOCKTON. 



AMBLER, MARVIN & STOCKTON, 

BANKERS,3!e^ 

crj^G:K:so3^A7-xii.Xj:E, ZF'L.i^. 

Oldest Established Bank in East Florida. 

Branch House, "Bank, of Tampa," Tampa, Fla. 

Transact a general BanJung Business. Deposits received. Discounts 

made and Exchange bought and sold on most favorable terms. 

Collections made and proceeds promptly remitted. 

Correspondents:— Importers & Traders National Bank, New York ; National Park 
Bank, New York. Resident correspondents of Brown Bros. & Co., Drexel, Morgan 

& Co., Jas. G. King's Sons, Kountz Bros., New York, and other prominent Bankers 
issuing letters of credit. 



54 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



UNITED STATES FAST MAIL STEAMERS 



PALATKA km ALL LANDINGS ON UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER, 

TAMPA, MAWATEE KIVEB, KEY WEST, HAVANA 
AWB NEW ORI^EASrS. 

PEOPLES LINE STEAMERS. 

Steamers H. B. PLANT, of the People's Line, and CITY OF JA.CK- 
SONVILLE, of the De Bary-Baya Merchants' Line, will run as follows— 
leaving the De Barv-Baya Line wharf, at foot of Laura street: 
Leave Savannah, Florida and Western Railway wharf, Jackson- 
ville, daily, on arrival of Fast Mail Train 12:30 p. m. 

Leave Jacksonville 2:30 p. m. 

Leave Palatka 8:00 p. m, 

TjPBiVG A-Stor ...•• •' ' •" -L^'^t) &• HI* 

Arrive Sanfnrd, South Florida Railroad wharf. 7:30 a. m. 

Arrive Sanford City wharf. 8:30 a.m. 

Arrive Enterprise , 9:00 a. ro. 

Leave Enterprise 9:30 a. m. 

RETURNING, 

Leave Sanford, City wharf 2:45 pm. 

Leave Sanford, South Florida Railroad wharf, on arrival of train, 

(except on Sundays, when steamers will leave at 11 a. m.).... 3:30 p. m. 

Leave DeLand 6:00 p. m. 

Leave Astor 7:50 p. m. 

Leave Palatka 12:20 a. m. 

Arrive at Jacksonville •••••• 5.-50 a. m. 

Connecting at Palatka M'ith Florida Southern Railway; at Astor with 
St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railwav; at Sanford with steamers for Indian 
River, and with trains of the South Florida Railroad foriTampa, connecting 
at this point on alternate days with steamers for points on the Manatee 
River, and with the steamships HUTCHINSON and MORGAN, for Key 
West and Havana, every SATURDAY on arrival of South Florida Railroad 
train, arriving at Kev West SUNDAYS and Havana on MONDAYS. 

Returning, steamships leave Havana WEDNESDAYS, Key West 
THURSDAYS, arriving at Tampa FRIDAYS, and New Orleans on SUN- 
DAYS. 

To connect with ste;imer leaving Tampa Friday morning, passengers 
for New Orleans must be in Tampa Thursday night. 

Steamers CHATTAHOOCHEE and JENNIE LANE, of the People's 
Line, and EVERGLADE, of the De Bary-Baya Merchant's Line, leave 
Jacksonville daily (Saturday excepted), from People's Line wharf, at 6 p. m. 

Returninir, leave Sanford daily (Mondays excepted) at 9 a. m. 

Racing by the Boats of this Company is strictly prohibited. 

For further particulars inquire of 

R. H. WHITNER, Chief Clerk, 
Office, Waycross Steamboat Wharf, Jacksonville, Fla. 
W. M. DAVIDSON, General Traffic Agent, 

Astor Building, Jacksonville, Fla. 
C. D. OWENS, Traffic Manager, Savannah, Ga. 
H. S. HAINES, General Manager, Savannah, Ga. 



V 



:^m^m 




nuiibUi' 
II, sit . I UBANKb, 
O.Wr'tUBAKKS. 
L.MOSLS HAROLD. 
r.CHA? SilTON. 

c,e..m.arre;oon[io 
h, cha? bh0war11. 

I, JOS.ALVAHtS. 
K.JOS.HCRCALl 
I . RAIN u BAILtY 



Ho. ISAAC HtNDRICK, Ft, J.HOCAN. 

, „„,„ „ In.E.BETHUNE. Ct. G.HARTLEY, 

M COTTON BOWLES. Ko. ELLANOR HOCAN. H6. F.HARTLEY. 
N. ISAAC CAIITER. Lo. r.COODWIN . I^, C.I.FCLARKE. 

0, IILIRSofJ.CARTEK, M..Z.KINCSLEY. 
r.J.WATSON. No. J.M.HANSON. 

IJ, JOS.LOURSfY. Oo.F.BACLEY. 




K», J.HALL. 
Lh C.MINi;HEN. 
Mt.F.COCIFACIO. 
.1. D.FE'RNANllf/,P..W.HOLLINCSWORTH, N>, JyO.CLARKE. 
U,J.CHniSTORHER.Qo,R.W,WHITMORE. 0^. LEWIS MATTAIR 
JOHN UROWN. R«. DORCAS BLACK. Pt . ACNEAUSECUI. 
W^'BERRIE. So.DAVIO SCURVY. Qt.J.PCARETT 
-A Xx.O.OEWEES. T..P.PLUMMER ' 



,S. PICKETT 



FLORIDA REAL ESTATE. 

W. & wrs. WALKER 

64 WEST BAY STREET, 

Jacksonville, Florida, 

Have for sale, on the most favorable terms, 

EVERY VARIETY \ FLORIDA LANDS 

IN NEARLY EVERY PART OF THE STATE. 

Improved Lands — Consisting of every class of Orange Groves 
varying in price from $1,000 to $75,000. 

City Property.— Fine Hotel Property, with Furniture com- 
plete ; Vacant Lots for residences, splendid Business Lots on Bay St. 

Suburban Lots— On the northeast of the city. Lots contain- 
ing from three to twelve acres — some beautiful ones fronting on the 
St. Johns River. 

Riverside— Between 800 and 1,<)00 Lots in the beautifully ele- 
vated town of Riverside. These lots constitute, without a doubt, the 
handsomest and most desirable suburbs in the State. They are an 
average of 25 to 30 feet above Bay street, and in point of healthftil- 
ness are unsurpassed, perhaps, by any spot of earth in the United States. 

Unimproved Lands.— We have also large bodies of heavily 
timbered and good Farming Lands, at prices ranging from 50 cents 
to $10 per acre, 

_ In addition, we say to Florida Land Buyers, that we can suit you 
in anything you may want. We have more lands and a greater va- 
riety to select from, and being the oldest and largest real estate 
aeaie-^S, the advantage of seeing us, and what we have for sale,.Must 
be plam lo every one seeking investment for speculation or for homes 
i-^ . ® Flowery Land, where there are advantages unsurpassed in the 
United States. ^ 

Many of the Orange Groves we have for sale are on the market 
because the owners have largely overtraded, and are compelled 
to unload at least a part of their burdens. We can, therefore, offer 
greater inducements to Land or Orange Grove Buyers than can 
be found in the State. 

Send for our Catalogues, read and see what we have for sale, then 
come and see us and judge for yourselves. 



GEO. B. GRIFFIN, Notary Public. 



WALTER B. CLARKSON. 



GRIFFIN & CLARKSON, 



AivAiv Ju 



STATE ® LOANS, 



1^0. 1 7 West Forsyth St., 0pp. Bank of Jacksonville, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 



City Property, Suburban Lots, Orange Groves, Vegetable 
Farms, Timber Tracts, Wild Lands. 



REAL ESTATE BOUGHT AND SOLD. 

SPECIALTIES 



WINDSOR, ALACHUA COUNTY, FLORIDA. 

In this thriving young' town on Newnan Lake, we otler for sale, on easy terms of pay- 
ment, very flue lots, ranging in size from four to twenty acres, at from $10 to $50 per acre. 
Several fine houses already built; ethers now building. Windsor is settling up rapidly with 
an educated, enterprising class of people. '^ indsor is three miles trom Gruelle, on Flor- 
ida Southern Railroad, four miles from '~'ampville, on Florida Railway & Navigation 
Company's line. Lands particularly well adapted to orange culture and vegetable raising, 
as well as general fanning. No healthier spot in Florida. Beautiful lake fronts facing on 
Lake Newnan, which is about eight miles long and from two to four miles wide . Extra 
attraction to settlers: You can buy land already cleared, ready for the plow, facing on wide 
avenues already laid out, at prices ordinarily asked for wild lands. Visit Windsor before 
buying. 

DREW'S ADDITION TO TAMPA 

Lies close in to the business portion of the city and immediately contiguous to the resident 
portion, convenient to post-office, churches, stores, etc. We offer for sale choice lots at 
reasonable prices and on favorable terms in Drew's addition to Tampa, which presents 
unequaled facilities for resident lots, as well as opportunities for speculation. 

SPRINGFIELD, CAMPBELL'S ADDITION, BURBRIDCE'S ADDITION. 

Are three suburbs to Jacksonville, the chief city of Florida, now growing rapidly. We offer 
for sale fifteen hundred building lots in these suburbs. Those who have seen the rapid in- 
crease in value of suburban property elsewhere^ need not be reminded of the favorable op- 
portunities now offered by Jacksonville's unprecedented growth. Homes for all on easy 
terms of payment. 

ORANGE LAND IN HERNANDO COUNTY. 

Near the thriving settlement of Oriole, along the Charlotte Harbor Railroad, which is 
now building, we offer for sale two thousand acres choice, selected, high, rolling, pine land, 
at prices ranging from $" to $25 per acre. Healthy locations, good neighborhood, early 
transportation facilities; railroad passes right through some of these lands. Ten-acre lots 
for $100 each. 



The Times-Union Printing House. Jacksonville, Fla. 



